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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98778 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數吉木薩爾機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,吉木薩爾機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。吉木薩爾機械密封端(duan)面摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)的(de)(de)(de)工況(kuang)一般分(fen)為:流(liu)體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不(bu)能長時間(jian)干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩端(duan)面間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)固體表面微凸體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇烈的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)時一方面會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)表面物質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面損(sun)壞;另一方面會產生大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直至燒(shao)毀密封(feng)。在無流(liu)體介質的(de)(de)(de)工況(kuang)下,如(ru)何減(jian)少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干磨(mo)(mo)密封(feng)了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質為(wei)(wei)耐磨碳精,結(jie)構(gou)包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)二個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間隙(xi),軸套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂有(you)耐磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)一般為(wei)(wei)三氧化(hua)二鋁或三氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能控(kong)制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好(hao),不(bu)需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統,可以干運行(xing),得(de)到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可呈(cheng)相對旋轉及(ji)(ji)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接(jie),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)供旋轉軸安裝的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有(you)促(cu)使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件(jian)。除了要(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)行(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)問(wen)題。
摩擦材料應具(ju)備下列條件(jian):
(1)機械(xie)強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐(nai)干磨性(xing)(xing),耐(nai)高載荷性(xing)(xing),自(zi)潤滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)(de)磨合性好,無過大的(de)(de)磨損(sun)和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖(sui)然是易損件,起到保護制動或傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)的作用,但要求具有一定(ding)的耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附對(dui)偶,都會造成制動或傳(chuan)動的震動和不(bu)穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能力大小,即包括(kuo)吸熱(re),也包括(kuo)散(san)熱(re),所以(yi),導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好(hao),根(gen)本解決(jue)抗熱裂性問題可能(neng)需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一些有(you)(you)色(se)金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良(liang)好(hao)的(de)摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)(you)些流體的(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線(xian)膨脹(zhang)系數小,熱膨脹(zhang)會造(zao)成(cheng)摩擦材(cai)料與(yu)摩擦對偶之(zhi)間的間隙過(guo)小,發(fa)生拖摩,損(sun)毀(hui)制(zhi)動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。