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發(fa)布時間(jian):2021-12-08 11:06:29 人氣:147254 來源(yuan):
分析靖州機械密封泄漏原因,要根據實踐經驗、現場觀察并借助儀器測量,弄清楚密封元件與密封性能之間的內在聯系,全方位檢查密封環、傳動件、加載彈性元件、輔助密封圈、防轉機構、緊固螺釘、底座、軸套、密封腔體以及密封系統等部位,綜合分析,找出靖州機械密封泄漏原因,以此為依據,選擇正確的靖州機械密封。下面是靖州機械密封常(chang)見的(de)泄(xie)漏現象及(ji)原因分析
1. 機械磨損(sun)
靖州機械密封泄漏中較為常見的就是機械磨損,機械磨損導致密封副端面產生分離,造成密封泄漏。機械磨損還會破壞密封副的正常配合關系,使傳動軸轉動時引起密封元件發生軸向位移和擺動,導致靖州機械密封泄漏。這種靖州機械密封泄漏可根據靖州機械密封副磨損痕跡的具體情況進行準確判斷。如果密封磨損痕跡均勻而產生泄漏,說明靖州機械密封泄漏的出現是由其他部位引起的。此時需要檢測其他部位而非密封本身。如果密封副沒有磨損痕跡而出現泄漏,說明可能是動環相對于靜環不旋轉或者出現打滑,可以對防轉銷或底座進行檢測,確定是否是防轉銷脫落了或者底座的孔徑與密封件的外徑不相匹配所致。如果靖州機械密封副磨(mo)損痕跡很深(shen),則有可能是(shi)傳動軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)動時密封(feng)(feng)副出現(xian)分離,有大(da)顆粒物質(zhi)(zhi)嵌入軟(ruan)質(zhi)(zhi)碳端面,此時可用硬質(zhi)(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)作為密封(feng)(feng)副材料(liao)(liao)。
2. 由熱損傷引起的密(mi)封泄漏(lou)
機(ji)械產生過大(da)的熱(re)量(liang)往(wang)往(wang)造成機(ji)械密封副(fu)變(bian)形、熱(re)裂或皰疤(ba),引起泄漏。
熱裂主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)干(gan)摩擦(ca)或冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統發生中斷等情(qing)況(kuang)下,造成(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)短時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內承(cheng)受超負(fu)荷熱量(liang)而出現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環表面徑向裂紋。由(you)于(yu)熱裂往往引起密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環磨損加劇,造成(cheng)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)泄漏(lou),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)設計機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮機(ji)械(xie)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)物理性質(zhi),并要(yao)根據機(ji)械(xie)材質(zhi)設定特定的(de)(de)(de)運轉條件。皰疤(ba)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由(you)于(yu)碳石墨導致粘結(jie)劑被(bei)擠出,出現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)泄漏(lou)。由(you)于(yu)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑性、操作溫度、線速度、配對材料(liao)組合等因(yin)素的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)都會(hui)使(shi)機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)產生大(da)量(liang)熱能,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)為了使(shi)機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)摩擦(ca)熱能及時(shi)(shi)散發,改變端面面積比、減少(shao)載荷、靜止型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)并加導流套(tao)都能較好地改善密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)散熱條件,保證(zheng)機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)正常運行。
3. 由腐蝕引起的密封泄漏
機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)引(yin)起機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泄漏最主(zhu)要(yao)原因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi),一(yi)般有化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由于機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)長時間(jian)與(yu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接觸引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)影響(xiang)較(jiao)大,甚(shen)至會導(dao)致機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金屬晶界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞或(huo)斷裂(lie)。電(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)兩種(zhong)金屬在電(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶液中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)位差(cha),導(dao)致機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)池腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。不(bu)管是(shi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還是(shi)電(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)都有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),所以(yi)在機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料(liao)選(xuan)取上要(yao)考慮密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)性,選(xuan)擇比主(zhu)機更(geng)耐腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)。機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快慢與(yu)壓力、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)滑動速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)都有密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。當密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件所承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力增(zeng)大、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)升高、滑動速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)快時,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)也會加(jia)快。針(zhen)對這些因(yin)素,采取雙端面密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可以(yi)減少密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件與(yu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸,從(cong)而減輕腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件的(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)取可以(yi)采用奧(ao)氏體不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼,并在1 050℃下(xia)進行熱處理(li),防止晶間(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
4. 由密封零件(jian)失效引起的密封泄(xie)漏
機械(xie)(xie)的輔助密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)對機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有著(zhu)至關(guan)重要(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong),輔助密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)一般選(xuan)用(yong)合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)。合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)一旦出現老(lao)化、永(yong)久(jiu)性變(bian)形(xing)、扭曲及(ji)擠(ji)出損傷等(deng)情況時,會使(shi)機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)出現泄(xie)漏(lou)。因此(ci)合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)的材(cai)質(zhi)選(xuan)取要(yao)充(chong)分考(kao)慮其安全使(shi)用(yong)溫度(du),增(zeng)加合(he)成(cheng)橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)的截面(mian),用(yong)橡(xiang)膠包覆聚四氟乙烯等(deng)復合(he)材(cai)料作(zuo)為密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)的材(cai)料,提高材(cai)料的硬度(du)。在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)安裝時,要(yao)在(zai)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)槽內涂上潤滑脂。除了密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)外,彈簧(huang)(huang)、傳動銷等(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)如發生變(bian)形(xing)、斷裂、腐蝕等(deng)也會導致密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泄(xie)漏(lou)。在(zai)機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)運行時,也要(yao)考(kao)慮彈簧(huang)(huang)、傳動銷等(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的狀態,確保彈簧(huang)(huang)、傳動銷等(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)沒有磨損或者(zhe)變(bian)形(xing),使(shi)機械(xie)(xie)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)正常(chang)運行。