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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:99486 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數金華機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,金華機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。金華機械密封端面摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工況一般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時(shi)間干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩端面間的(de)(de)固體(ti)表面微凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起(qi)劇烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)時(shi)一方(fang)面會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)表面物質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面損(sun)壞;另一方(fang)面會(hui)產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒(shao)毀密封。在(zai)無流(liu)體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況下,如何減少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的一種(zhong),常用(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)質為耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精(jing),結(jie)構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至(zhi)少裝有(you)二個截面(mian)為矩(ju)形(xing)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般為三氧化二鋁或三氧化二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要增加隔離(li)氣,通(tong)常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控(kong)制在(zai)25-40。主要應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)(yu)操作維修(xiu)簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不(bu)需要復雜的潤滑冷卻系統,可以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛的應用(yong)(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及架設(she)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)且可呈相對旋轉及貼(tie)合的動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固(gu)定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開(kai)設(she)有(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的通(tong)孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的端面(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)設(she)有(you)促使(shi)(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主要是摩擦(ca)副(fu)的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)問(wen)題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能(neng)耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高載荷性,自(zi)潤滑性好;
(3)配(pei)對材料的磨合(he)性(xing)好,無(wu)過大的磨損(sun)和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩(mo)擦材(cai)料(liao)雖然是(shi)易損件,起(qi)到保護制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)作用,但要(yao)求具有一定(ding)的(de)耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附對(dui)偶,都會造(zao)成制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定(ding);
(5)導熱(re)(re)性和(he)散熱(re)(re)性好(hao)(hao),導熱(re)(re)性是(shi)傳導熱(re)(re)量的能力(li)大(da)小,即(ji)包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re),也包(bao)括散熱(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)性好(hao)(hao)的必(bi)然散熱(re)(re)性也好(hao)(hao);
(6)抗熱(re)裂性好,根本解(jie)決抗熱(re)裂性問(wen)題(ti)可能需要改變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強(qiang),一些有(you)色金屬(shu)合(he)(he)金能將(jiang)良(liang)好的摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結合(he)(he);
(8)線(xian)膨脹(zhang)系數(shu)小(xiao),熱膨脹(zhang)會造成摩(mo)擦材料(liao)與摩(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀制動、傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)。