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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98450 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數錦江機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,錦江機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。錦江機械密封端(duan)面摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)的(de)(de)工況(kuang)一(yi)般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不(bu)能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端(duan)面間(jian)的(de)(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面微凸體(ti)將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時(shi)一(yi)方面會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)表(biao)面物(wu)質喪失或(huo)遷移,導致表(biao)面損壞;另一(yi)方面會(hui)產(chan)生大量(liang)的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re)直至(zhi)燒(shao)毀密封。在無(wu)流(liu)體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況(kuang)下,如何減少磨(mo)損降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re),那就要(yao)依靠干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密封了。
干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)質為耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料一般為三氧化二(er)鋁或三氧化二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需(xu)要(yao)增加隔離氣(qi),通(tong)常使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介(jie)質,由于操作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)冷卻系(xi)統,可(ke)以干運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設(she)于外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)且可(ke)呈相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連(lian)接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)開設(she)有(you)供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設(she)有(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)之外(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料(liao)應(ying)具備下列(lie)條件(jian):
(1)機械(xie)強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力(li)變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨性(xing),耐(nai)高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤(run)滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨合(he)性(xing)好(hao),無過大(da)的(de)磨損(sun)和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩擦材(cai)料(liao)雖然(ran)是(shi)易損件,起到(dao)保護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作(zuo)用(yong),但要求具有一定(ding)的耐磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都(dou)會造成(cheng)制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩定(ding);
(5)導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性和散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性好(hao),導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性是傳導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)能力(li)大(da)小(xiao),即包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性好(hao)的(de)必然散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本(ben)解(jie)決(jue)抗熱裂性問題(ti)可能需要(yao)改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一(yi)些有色金屬(shu)合金能將(jiang)良好的(de)摩擦(ca)學特性與有些流體的(de)耐腐蝕性結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數小(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會(hui)造成摩擦材料與(yu)摩擦對(dui)偶(ou)之間的(de)間隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩,損毀(hui)制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)。