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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣(qi):128064 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)改集式密封(feng)是指(zhi)通過(guo)預(yu)緊或(huo)介質(zhi)壓力(li)的(de)(de)自緊作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與轉(zhuan)動(dong)件(jian)(jian)及固定件(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間產生壓緊力(li)的(de)(de)動(dong)密封(feng)裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函(han)密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形(xing)式較(jiao)多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)工程(cheng)塑(su)料(liao)等,預(yu)制成(cheng)環(huan)狀或(huo)條(tiao)狀(有的(de)(de)需(xu)預(yu)先浸漬潤(run)滑性好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環(huan)或(huo)螺旋狀多(duo)層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)包括壓蓋(gai)、螺栓和(he)彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)預(yu)緊,工作(zuo)時阻止介質(zhi)外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補(bu)償(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔(qiang)以后(hou),經壓蓋(gai)螺絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)壓縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相對運(yun)動(dong)時,由(you)于(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性,使它產生徑向(xiang)力,并與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此(ci)同時,填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑劑被擠出(chu),在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間形成(cheng)油膜(mo)。由(you)于(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)并不(bu)(bu)是特別均勻的(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界(jie)潤(run)滑”狀態(tai),稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應”;而未(wei)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)凹部(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)小油槽,有較厚的(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)組成(cheng)一道(dao)不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)的(de)迷宮(gong),起(qi)阻(zu)止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)作用(yong),此(ci)稱“迷宮(gong)效應”。這(zhe)就是填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密封的(de)機理。顯(xian)然,良好的(de)密封在于(yu)維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應”和“迷宮(gong)效應”。也就是說,要保持(chi)良好的(de)潤(run)滑和適(shi)當的(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤(run)滑不(bu)(bu)良,或壓得過緊(jin)都會使油膜(mo)中(zhong)斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦(ca),最(zui)后(hou)導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為此,需要經(jing)常(chang)對(dui)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)壓緊(jin)程(cheng)度進行調整,以便(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)潤滑(hua)劑(ji)在運行一段時間(jian)流(liu)失之后,再擠出一些(xie)潤滑(hua)劑(ji),同時補償(chang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)因體積變化所造(zao)成的(de)壓緊(jin)力(li)松弛(chi)。顯然,這(zhe)樣經(jing)常(chang)擠壓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao),最終(zhong)將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所以定期(qi)更換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要的(de)。此外,為了維(wei)持液膜和帶走(zou)摩擦熱(re),有(you)意讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是(shi)必要的(de)。