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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:127925 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預緊(jin)或介質(zhi)(zhi)壓(ya)力的自緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)件(jian)(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)之間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力的動(dong)密封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式(shi)較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)工程塑料(liao)(liao)等,預制(zhi)成環狀或條狀(有的需(xu)預先浸漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺旋狀多(duo)層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以(yi)安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預緊(jin),工作時阻止介質(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈簧可起補償(chang)作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料裝入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料腔以后,經壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋螺絲(si)對它作(zuo)軸(zhou)向(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)料有(you)相對運(yun)動時,由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它產生徑向(xiang)力,并與軸(zhou)緊密接(jie)觸。與此同時,填(tian)(tian)(tian)料中浸漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑劑被擠出(chu),在接(jie)觸面(mian)之間形成(cheng)油(you)膜(mo)。由于(yu)接(jie)觸狀態并不是(shi)(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸部(bu)位(wei)便(bian)出(chu)現“邊界潤滑”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部(bu)形成(cheng)小油(you)槽(cao),有(you)較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)觸部(bu)位(wei)與非接(jie)觸部(bu)位(wei)組成(cheng)一(yi)道不規(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)宮,起阻止(zhi)液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,此稱“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封在于(yu)維持(chi)“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說,要保持(chi)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑和(he)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊。若潤滑不良(liang),或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)得過緊都(dou)會使(shi)油(you)膜(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料與軸(zhou)之間出(chu)現干摩擦(ca),最后導致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現嚴重磨損。
為此,需要經常對(dui)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊程(cheng)度進行(xing)調整,以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑在(zai)運行(xing)一段時(shi)間流失之后(hou),再擠出一些潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑,同(tong)時(shi)補(bu)償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體積(ji)變化(hua)所造成的(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao),最終(zhong)將使浸漬劑枯(ku)竭(jie),所以(yi)定期更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要的(de)。此外,為了(le)維持液膜和(he)帶走摩擦(ca)熱,有意讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必(bi)要的(de)。