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發布時間(jian):2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133975 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)改集式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或(huo)介質壓力的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)與轉動(dong)件(jian)及(ji)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之間產(chan)生壓緊(jin)力的動(dong)密封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式(shi)較多(duo),主(zhu)要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)材料(liao)有石棉織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和工程塑(su)料(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)或(huo)條狀(zhuang)(有的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)物(wu)),并(bing)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或(huo)螺(luo)旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包括(kuo)壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工作(zuo)時阻止介質外漏,彈簧可(ke)起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)料(liao)腔以后(hou),經壓蓋螺絲對它作(zuo)軸(zhou)向壓縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有(you)(you)相對運動時,由于填(tian)料(liao)的塑性,使它產生徑向力,并(bing)與(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此同時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的潤滑劑被(bei)擠出,在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之(zhi)間(jian)形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并(bing)不(bu)是特別(bie)均勻的,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)(wei)便出現(xian)“邊界潤滑”狀(zhuang)態,稱為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的凹部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有(you)(you)較厚的油(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)(wei)組(zu)成(cheng)一道不(bu)規則的迷(mi)宮,起(qi)阻止液(ye)流泄漏的作(zuo)用(yong),此稱“迷(mi)宮效應(ying)”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)密封的機理(li)。顯然(ran),良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的密封在于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮效應(ying)”。也就是說,要保持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的潤滑和(he)適(shi)當(dang)的壓緊(jin)。若潤滑不(bu)良(liang),或壓得過緊(jin)都(dou)會使油(you)膜中斷(duan),造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)出現(xian)干摩擦,最(zui)后(hou)導致(zhi)燒軸(zhou)和(he)出現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此,需要經常對(dui)填(tian)料(liao)的壓緊程度進行調整(zheng),以便填(tian)料(liao)中(zhong)的潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運行一段時(shi)間流失之后,再(zai)擠(ji)出一些(xie)潤(run)滑劑(ji),同(tong)時(shi)補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所(suo)造成的壓緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠(ji)壓填(tian)料(liao),最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所(suo)以定(ding)期更換填(tian)料(liao)是(shi)(shi)必要的。此外,為(wei)了(le)維持液膜和帶走(zou)摩擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)料(liao)處(chu)有(you)少量(liang)泄漏也(ye)是(shi)(shi)必要的。