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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134654 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集式密封是指通過預緊(jin)或介(jie)質(zhi)壓力的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉(zhuan)動件及固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件之間產生壓緊(jin)力的動密封裝置(zhi)。又稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構形式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件組成。常(chang)用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉(mian)織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠(jiao)、柔性(xing)石墨和(he)工程塑(su)料(liao)(liao)等,預制成環狀(zhuang)或條(tiao)狀(zhuang)(有(you)的需預先(xian)浸(jin)漬潤滑性(xing)好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采用(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安(an)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件包括壓蓋(gai)、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預緊(jin),工作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質(zhi)外漏,彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以(yi)后,經壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲對(dui)它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮(suo),當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)與填(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對(dui)運動時,由(you)(you)于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使它產生徑向力,并(bing)(bing)與軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與此同時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬的(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑被擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間形成(cheng)油(you)膜(mo)。由(you)(you)于接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并(bing)(bing)不(bu)是特別均勻(yun)的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位便出(chu)(chu)現(xian)“邊界潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)凹部(bu)形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有(you)較厚的(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位與非接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位組成(cheng)一道(dao)不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻(zu)止液流泄漏的(de)(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封在于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。也(ye)就是說,要保(bao)持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)和(he)適當(dang)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓(ya)得(de)過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)(chu)現(xian)干摩擦(ca),最(zui)后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)嚴(yan)重磨(mo)損。
為此(ci)(ci),需要(yao)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料的(de)壓緊(jin)程度進行(xing)調(diao)整,以便填(tian)(tian)料中的(de)潤滑(hua)劑在運行(xing)一(yi)段時間流失之后,再(zai)擠(ji)出一(yi)些潤滑(hua)劑,同時補償填(tian)(tian)料因體積(ji)變化所造成的(de)壓緊(jin)力松弛。顯然,這樣(yang)經(jing)常(chang)(chang)擠(ji)壓填(tian)(tian)料,最(zui)終將使浸(jin)漬劑枯(ku)竭,所以定期更換填(tian)(tian)料是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。此(ci)(ci)外,為了維持液(ye)膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)料處有少量泄漏也是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。