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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98642 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數金寨機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,金寨機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。金寨機械密封端(duan)(duan)面摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況一般分為(wei):流(liu)體摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界(jie)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時間(jian)(jian)干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時,兩端(duan)(duan)面間(jian)(jian)的(de)固體表面微凸體將直接接觸而引(yin)起劇(ju)烈的(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時一方(fang)面會使摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導致表面損壞;另一方(fang)面會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密(mi)封。在(zai)無流(liu)體介質(zhi)的(de)工況下,如何減少磨(mo)損降低(di)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那(nei)就要依靠干磨(mo)密(mi)封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常用材(cai)質為(wei)耐(nai)磨碳精(jing),結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)二個截面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之間有(you)(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)磨涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)一般為(wei)三氧化二鋁或三氧化二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時需(xu)(xu)要增加隔離氣,通常使用氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控制在25-40。主要應(ying)用于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)操作維(wei)修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需(xu)(xu)要復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑冷(leng)卻(que)系統,可(ke)以干運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)(you)(you)外罩及架(jia)設于(yu)(yu)(yu)外罩上(shang)且可(ke)呈相(xiang)對旋(xuan)轉及貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)外罩固定連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)(fen)開設有(you)(you)(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之外,主要是(shi)摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應(ying)具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度(du)高(gao),能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性,耐高載(zai)荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材(cai)料的(de)磨合性(xing)好,無過(guo)大的(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損件,起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)護制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),但要(yao)求具有一定的(de)耐(nai)磨(mo)性,使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附(fu)對(dui)偶,都會造成制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性和(he)散(san)熱(re)性好,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性是(shi)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)量的能力大(da)小,即包括(kuo)(kuo)吸熱(re),也(ye)(ye)包括(kuo)(kuo)散(san)熱(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性好的必(bi)然散(san)熱(re)性也(ye)(ye)好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好,根本解決抗熱裂(lie)性問題(ti)可(ke)能需要改變封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一些有色金屬合(he)金能(neng)將良好(hao)的(de)摩擦(ca)學特性(xing)與有些流體的(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)結合(he);
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材料與(yu)摩(mo)擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制(zhi)動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。