填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改(gai)集(ji)式密封是(shi)指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或介(jie)質壓(ya)力的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)及固定(ding)件(jian)之間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力的動密封裝(zhuang)置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構形式較多，主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)組(zu)成。常用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石(shi)棉織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和(he)(he)工程(cheng)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等，預(yu)制成環(huan)狀或條(tiao)狀（有的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)），并采用(yong)(yong)多環(huan)或螺旋(xuan)狀多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以(yi)安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺栓(shuan)和(he)(he)彈簧(huang)等，用(yong)(yong)以(yi)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)，工作(zuo)時(shi)阻止(zhi)介(jie)質外漏，彈簧(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

　　填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以后，經壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲對(dui)它作軸(zhou)向壓(ya)縮(suo)，當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)相對(dui)運(yun)動時(shi)，由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性，使(shi)它產(chan)生徑向力，并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊密接(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)，填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)浸漬(zi)的(de)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑被擠出，在接(jie)觸(chu)面之間形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)油膜(mo)。由于(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)特別均勻的(de)，接(jie)觸(chu)部位便(bian)出現(xian)“邊界(jie)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態，稱為(wei)“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”；而未接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)凹部形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小油槽，有(you)較厚的(de)油膜(mo)，接(jie)觸(chu)部位與(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)部位組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一道(dao)不(bu)規則的(de)迷(mi)宮，起阻(zu)止液流泄(xie)漏的(de)作用，此稱“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)密封(feng)的(de)機理(li)。顯然，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)密封(feng)在于(yu)維持“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”和“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)，要(yao)保(bao)持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)和適當的(de)壓(ya)緊。若(ruo)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)不(bu)良(liang)，或壓(ya)得過(guo)緊都會使(shi)油膜(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)斷，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間出現(xian)干摩(mo)擦，最后導致(zhi)燒(shao)軸(zhou)和出現(xian)嚴(yan)重磨損。

　　為此，需要(yao)經常對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的壓(ya)緊程度(du)進行(xing)調整(zheng)，以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的潤滑(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)運行(xing)一段時(shi)間流失之(zhi)后(hou)，再(zai)擠(ji)出一些潤滑(hua)劑(ji)，同時(shi)補償(chang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所(suo)(suo)造成的壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯(xian)然，這樣經常擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，最終將(jiang)使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)定期(qi)更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的。此外，為了維(wei)持液膜和帶走摩擦(ca)熱(re)，有(you)意(yi)讓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的。