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發布時間:2021-12-20 15:07:40 人(ren)氣:94895 來(lai)源:
墊圈是動環和靜環的總稱,是構成莒縣機械密封主要的元件,很大程度上決定了莒縣機械密封的使用性能和壽命(ming)。使用閥門時,往往根據具體情況更換原(yuan)帶墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)。常用墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)有:橡(xiang)膠(jiao)平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、橡(xiang)膠(jiao)O形圈(quan)(quan)、塑料(liao)平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、聚四氟乙烯(xi)包墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、石棉橡(xiang)膠(jiao)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、金(jin)屬(shu)平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、金(jin)屬(shu)異形墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、金(jin)屬(shu)皮墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、波形墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)、纏(chan)繞墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)等(deng)。
(1)橡(xiang)膠平墊(dian)圈:變形容易,壓(ya)緊時不(bu)費力,但耐(nai)壓(ya)、耐(nai)溫能(neng)(neng)力都較差,只用(yong)于壓(ya)力低、溫度(du)不(bu)高的(de)地方。天然橡(xiang)膠有一定耐(nai)酸堿(jian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),使用(yong)溫度(du)不(bu)宜(yi)超過60℃;氯丁橡(xiang)膠也能(neng)(neng)耐(nai)某些酸堿(jian),使用(yong)溫度(du)80℃;橡(xiang)膠耐(nai)油,可用(yong)至80℃;氟橡(xiang)膠耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)很好,耐(nai)溫性(xing)能(neng)(neng)也比一般(ban)橡(xiang)膠強(qiang),可在150℃介質中使用(yong)。
(2)橡膠O形(xing)墊(dian)圈:斷(duan)面形(xing)狀是(shi)正圓,有(you)一定的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用,密封效果比平墊(dian)圈好,壓(ya)緊(jin)力(li)更小。
(3)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)平墊圈:塑(su)料(liao)(liao)的特(te)點是(shi)耐腐蝕性(xing)好,大部分塑(su)料(liao)(liao)耐溫(wen)性(xing)能不好。聚四氟乙(yi)烯為塑(su)料(liao)(liao),不但耐腐蝕性(xing)能優異,而且(qie)耐溫(wen)范(fan)圍(wei)比較寬闊,可在-180℃~+200℃之內(nei)長(chang)期使(shi)用(yong)。
(4)聚四氟乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)包(bao)墊圈(quan):為了充(chong)分發(fa)揮聚四氟乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)的優點,同時(shi)彌補它彈性較(jiao)差的缺點,做成聚四氟乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)包(bao)裹(guo)橡膠或石棉橡膠的墊圈(quan)。這(zhe)樣,既同聚四氟乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)(xi)平墊圈(quan)一樣耐腐蝕,又(you)有(you)良好(hao)的彈性,增強密封效果,減(jian)小壓緊力。
(5)石(shi)棉橡(xiang)(xiang)膠墊(dian)圈:由石(shi)棉橡(xiang)(xiang)膠板剪成(cheng)。它(ta)的組(zu)分是60~80%的石(shi)棉和10~20%的橡(xiang)(xiang)膠,以(yi)及(ji)填(tian)充劑、硫(liu)化劑等。它(ta)有很(hen)好的耐(nai)(nai)熱性、耐(nai)(nai)冷性、化學(xue)穩定性,而且貨源豐(feng)富,價格(ge)便(bian)宜。使用時,壓緊力(li)不(bu)必(bi)很(hen)大。由于它(ta)能粘(zhan)附金(jin)屬,所以(yi)表(biao)面涂(tu)一層(ceng)石(shi)墨粉,以(yi)免(mian)拆卸(xie)時費勁。
莒縣機械密封對墊(dian)圈(quan)有哪些要求呢?
(1)需要有足夠的(de)強度(du)和(he)剛度(du),在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)條件下(如壓(ya)力、溫度(du)和(he)滑動速度(du)等)不損壞,變(bian)形(xing)應盡量的(de)小,工(gong)作(zuo)條件波動時仍能保持(chi)密封性(xing)。
(2)密封端面(mian)應有(you)足(zu)夠的硬度和(he)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing),以保證工作(zuo)條件下(xia)有(you)滿意的使用壽命。
(3)應有良好的(de)耐熱沖擊能力,為(wei)此要求材料有較高的(de)導熱系數和較小的(de)線膨脹(zhang)系數,承受熱沖擊時(shi)不(bu)至于開裂。
(5)應有(you)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數和良(liang)好的自潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)性,墊圈(quan)(quan)匹配(pei)應有(you)較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數和良(liang)好的自潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)性,墊圈(quan)(quan)材(cai)料與密封流體還要有(you)很好的浸潤(run)性。工作中如發生短時間(jian)的干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca),不損傷密封端面(mian)。
(5)應力求簡單(dan)對(dui)稱并優(you)先考慮用整體型結構,也(ye)可采用組合式(如鑲裝式)墊圈,盡量避免用密(mi)封端面噴涂(tu)式結構。
(6)墊圈要容(rong)易加工制造,安裝(zhuang)和維修要方(fang)便(bian)。