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發布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:97754 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數連山機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,連山機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。連山機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的工況一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)間的固(gu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)微凸(tu)體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈(lie)的磨損。磨損時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)會使(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷移(yi),導(dao)致表(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)會產生大(da)量的摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直至(zhi)燒毀密(mi)封。在無流體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的工況下,如何(he)減少(shao)磨損降(jiang)低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠(kao)干磨密(mi)封了。
干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內有(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少裝有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩(ju)形(xing)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)(cai)料一般(ban)為(wei)三氧化(hua)二(er)鋁(lv)或三氧化(hua)二(er)鉻(ge)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離(li)氣,通(tong)常使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能(neng)控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒(du)介質(zhi),由于(yu)操(cao)作維(wei)修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)冷卻系統,可以干運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)罩上且(qie)可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分開設有(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且(qie)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩上設有(you)促(cu)使(shi)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平行(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)摩擦副的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料問(wen)題。
摩(mo)擦(ca)材(cai)料應具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐(nai)壓和耐(nai)壓力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐干(gan)磨性,耐高載荷性,自潤滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對材(cai)料的磨合性(xing)好,無過(guo)大的磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是易損件,起到保護(hu)制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)作用(yong),但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一定的(de)(de)耐(nai)磨性,使(shi)用(yong)壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和(he)粘(zhan)附對偶,都會造(zao)成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)的(de)(de)震動(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和(he)散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包(bao)(bao)括吸熱(re)(re)(re),也(ye)包(bao)(bao)括散(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好的必(bi)然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂性(xing)(xing)好,根本解決(jue)抗熱(re)裂性(xing)(xing)問題可(ke)能需(xu)要(yao)改變封(feng)孔方法(fa);
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)強,一(yi)些有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的摩擦學(xue)特性(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)結(jie)合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的間(jian)(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)(dong)、傳動(dong)(dong)裝置。