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發布時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116446 來源(yuan):
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、利國鎮機械密封、浮動環密封和迷宮密封。
填料密封
它(ta)由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓蓋、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、水封(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱等(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng),是目(mu)前普(pu)通(tong)離心(xin)泵最常采(cai)用的一(yi)種(zhong)軸封(feng)。離心(xin)泵工作(zuo)時(shi),壓蓋將(jiang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓緊(jin),使(shi)(shi)泄漏量(liang)減小,從而達到密封(feng)的目(mu)的。壓蓋不能過松(song)或過緊(jin),過緊(jin)則造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)軸套與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)表(biao)面摩擦(ca)加大,溫度(du)迅速(su)升高,嚴(yan)重(zhong)時(shi)可導致軸套和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)燒壞(huai);過松(song)則泄漏量(liang)加大,離心(xin)泵效率(lv)下(xia)降。壓緊(jin)程(cheng)度(du)應(ying)使(shi)(shi)液(ye)體從填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱漏出(chu)少量(liang)液(ye)滴(di)為(wei)宜。
填(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)中(zhong)裝有水(shui)封(feng)(feng)環,通過水(shui)封(feng)(feng)環引(yin)入潔凈水(shui),使其(qi)在軸(zhou)上形成水(shui)環進行密(mi)封(feng)(feng),以(yi)防(fang)止空氣漏人泵內或(huo)泵內壓(ya)力水(shui)漏出泵外,密(mi)封(feng)(feng)水(shui)在填(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)之(zhi)間,同時亦起冷卻與潤滑作(zuo)用(yong)。填(tian)料(liao)常采(cai)用(yong)石(shi)墨油浸(jin)石(shi)棉(mian)繩(sheng)或(huo)石(shi)墨油浸(jin)含銅、鋁等金屬絲的石(shi)棉(mian)繩(sheng),高壓(ya)泵采(cai)用(yong)聚四氟乙烯效果好。填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)具有結構簡單、工作(zuo)可靠造(zao)價低等優點;但使用(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)套易磨(mo)損,且造(zao)成介質泄漏損失,一般用(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)低壓(ya)水(shui)泵上。
它主要由動環(huan)(huan)(huan)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密(mi)封環(huan)(huan)(huan)等組(zu)成。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)用定(ding)位螺(luo)栓(shuan)銷(xiao)定(ding)在轉軸上,與(yu)軸一起轉動;靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用防轉銷(xiao)固定(ding)在泵體上,靜(jing)止不(bu)動。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)在液體壓力(li)(li)及(ji)彈簧(huang)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下與(yu)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面保持(chi)均勻、緊密(mi)接(jie)觸,從而(er)實現密(mi)封。為了保證動、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)正常工作(zuo),在兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面間需要保持(chi)一層(ceng)極薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)膜,起冷卻和潤滑的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。利國鎮機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。利國鎮機械密封缺點是結(jie)構復(fu)雜,端面加(jia)工精度要(yao)(yao)求極(ji)高(gao),價(jia)格昂貴,且安(an)裝技術要(yao)(yao)求高(gao),另一方面對介質清潔(jie)度要(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)高(gao)。
浮動環密封
它主(zhu)要由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈(dan)簧等組成。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密封(feng)(feng)是以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的密封(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)在(zai)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)壓力(li)及(ji)彈(dan)簧力(li)的作用下保(bao)持緊密接觸來實現密封(feng)(feng)的;同時又以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的內圓表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與軸(zhou)套外表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所形(xing)成的微小間(jian)隙(xi)對液(ye)體(ti)(ti)產生節流來達到軸(zhou)向密封(feng)(feng)。液(ye)體(ti)(ti)的支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使(shi)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的密封(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)徑向自由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)調整(zheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸(zhou)同心(xin)時,液(ye)體(ti)(ti)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平衡,浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于利國鎮機械密封,結構簡單,運行(xing)中無(wu)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)碰(peng)撞問(wen)題(ti),運行(xing)可靠(kao)、密(mi)封效果(guo)好;其缺點(dian)是軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)尺寸(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)長,對具有短而粗的軸(zhou)(zhou)的大(da)容量機組水泵應用較(jiao)(jiao)少。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸(chu)型的(de)流體(ti)(ti)動力密(mi)封(feng),其機理是利(li)用流體(ti)(ti)流過的(de)轉子與靜子間(jian)的(de)微小間(jian)隙(xi)產生的(de)節流降(jiang)壓效應來實現密(mi)封(feng)。
迷(mi)宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封有(you)(you)多種(zhong)不同(tong)型式,金屬迷(mi)宮(gong)密(mi)(mi)封與靜子固(gu)接的金屬密(mi)(mi)封片在轉軸(zhou)間形成多級突擴(kuo)-突縮(suo)的間隙,對軸(zhou)向泄漏流(liu)體實施多級降壓、節流(liu),從而實現(xian)密(mi)(mi)封;螺旋(xuan)迷(mi)宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封在轉軸(zhou)表面上車有(you)(you)與液體泄漏方向相反的螺旋(xuan)溝槽,溝槽中(zhong)注(zhu)有(you)(you)略(lve)高于密(mi)(mi)封腔室(shi)壓力的密(mi)(mi)封水,軸(zhou)轉動時,螺旋(xuan)溝槽內的密(mi)(mi)封水沿軸(zhou)向螺旋(xuan)前進,阻止泵內液體的外泄。迷(mi)宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封在工作時動、靜部(bu)件無(wu)(wu)接觸(chu)、無(wu)(wu)磨損,使用壽命(ming)長,在大容量給水泵上應用廣泛。