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發布(bu)時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98640 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數陵水機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,陵水機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。陵水機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工況一般分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類(lei),但(dan)不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間(jian)的(de)(de)固體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇(ju)烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪失(shi)或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)產生(sheng)大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密封。在無流體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況下,如(ru)何減少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)密封了。
干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于浮(fu)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)二個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑(jing)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)涂有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材料(liao)一般為(wei)三氧(yang)化二鋁或三氧(yang)化二鉻。干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時(shi)需要(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣,通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)(you)毒介(jie)質(zhi),由(you)于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系(xi)統(tong),可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)(gan)運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及(ji)架設于外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上且可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋轉及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固定(ding)連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋轉軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上設有(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)之外(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機(ji)械(xie)強度高,能(neng)耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)(nai)干(gan)磨性(xing)(xing),耐(nai)(nai)高載荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對(dui)材料(liao)的磨(mo)合性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩(mo)擦材(cai)料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到(dao)保(bao)護制動或(huo)傳動裝置的作用,但要求具有(you)一定(ding)的耐磨(mo)性,使用壽命(ming)盡(jin)量要長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕和粘(zhan)附對偶,都(dou)會(hui)造(zao)成制動或(huo)傳動的震(zhen)動和不穩定(ding);
(5)導熱(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao),導熱(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)量的能力(li)大小,即包括(kuo)吸熱(re),也包括(kuo)散(san)熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問題可(ke)能需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)強,一些有(you)色金(jin)屬(shu)合(he)金(jin)能(neng)將良好的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)與有(you)些流體的(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)結合(he);
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之(zhi)間的間隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩,損毀(hui)制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。