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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):98707 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數麗水機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,麗水機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。麗水機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工況一般分為:流體(ti)(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不(bu)能長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)間的(de)(de)固體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)時(shi)一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪失(shi)或遷(qian)移(yi),導致(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)損(sun)壞;另(ling)一方面(mian)會產生(sheng)大(da)量的(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒(shao)毀密封。在無流體(ti)(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況下,如(ru)何(he)減少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)降(jiang)低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就(jiu)要依靠(kao)干磨(mo)(mo)密封了。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),常用(yong)材(cai)(cai)質為(wei)(wei)耐磨(mo)碳精,結(jie)構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)至少裝有二(er)個截面為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套之(zhi)間有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙(xi),軸(zhou)(zhou)套外(wai)(wai)表(biao)面涂有耐磨(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)(cai)料一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要增(zeng)加(jia)隔離氣(qi),通(tong)常使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗(hao)量能控制在(zai)25-40。主(zhu)要應(ying)用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有毒介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系(xi)統,可以干運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有外(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)架(jia)設(she)于外(wai)(wai)罩上且(qie)可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上分(fen)(fen)開(kai)設(she)有供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且(qie)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端(duan)面分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)罩上設(she)有促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了要保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),主(zhu)要是(shi)摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變(bian)形(xing);
(2)具(ju)有耐(nai)干磨性(xing)(xing),耐(nai)高(gao)載(zai)荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和(he)對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損件,起到保(bao)護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的(de)作用(yong)(yong),但要求具(ju)有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)耐磨性,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和不穩定(ding)(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao),導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能力大(da)小,即包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re),也包(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re),所以(yi),導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的必然散熱(re)性(xing)也好(hao)(hao)(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性(xing)好,根本解決抗熱裂性(xing)問(wen)題可能需要改(gai)變封孔(kong)方法(fa);
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一(yi)些有(you)色(se)金屬合金能將良好的(de)摩擦(ca)學特性(xing)與有(you)些流(liu)體的(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線(xian)膨(peng)脹系數小,熱(re)膨(peng)脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)材料(liao)與摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)對偶之(zhi)間的(de)間隙過小,發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。