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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣:127922 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密封是指通(tong)過預(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)壓力的(de)(de)自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動件及固(gu)定(ding)件之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)(jin)力的(de)(de)動密封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構形式(shi)較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件組成(cheng)。常用的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)(he)工程塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或(huo)條狀(zhuang)(有(you)的(de)(de)需預(yu)先浸(jin)漬(zi)潤滑性好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)物),并采用多環或(huo)螺旋狀(zhuang)多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用以(yi)安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件包括壓蓋、螺栓和(he)(he)彈簧(huang)等(deng),用以(yi)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)外漏(lou),彈簧(huang)可起補償(chang)作(zuo)用。
填(tian)(tian)料裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料腔以后,經壓蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料有(you)(you)相(xiang)對運動時,由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)塑性,使它產生徑向力,并與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊密接(jie)(jie)觸。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時,填(tian)(tian)料中浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)潤滑劑被擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)(jie)觸面之間形成(cheng)油膜。由于(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸狀態并不是特別(bie)均勻的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)便出(chu)(chu)現“邊(bian)界(jie)潤滑”狀態,稱為(wei)“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應”;而未(wei)接(jie)(jie)觸的(de)(de)凹(ao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)小油槽(cao),有(you)(you)較厚(hou)的(de)(de)油膜,接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)組成(cheng)一(yi)道(dao)不規則的(de)(de)迷宮(gong)(gong),起阻(zu)止液(ye)流(liu)泄漏的(de)(de)作用,此(ci)稱“迷宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。這(zhe)就(jiu)是填(tian)(tian)料密封的(de)(de)機(ji)理(li)。顯(xian)然(ran),良好(hao)的(de)(de)密封在于(yu)維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應”和“迷宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。也就(jiu)是說,要保持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)潤滑和適當的(de)(de)壓緊。若潤滑不良,或(huo)壓得過緊都會使油膜中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)(chu)現干摩擦,最后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)(chu)現嚴(yan)重磨(mo)損。
為此,需(xu)要(yao)經(jing)(jing)常對填(tian)料(liao)的壓緊程度進(jin)行調整(zheng),以便填(tian)料(liao)中(zhong)的潤(run)滑(hua)劑在運行一段時(shi)間流失之后(hou),再(zai)擠出一些潤(run)滑(hua)劑,同(tong)時(shi)補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化(hua)所造(zao)成的壓緊力松弛。顯然(ran),這樣經(jing)(jing)常擠壓填(tian)料(liao),最終將使浸漬劑枯竭,所以定期(qi)更換填(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的。此外,為了維持液膜和帶(dai)走摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,有意讓填(tian)料(liao)處有少(shao)量泄(xie)漏也是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的。