掃一掃,加微信
聯系客服,馬上詢價
發(fa)布時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94512 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數六合機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,六合機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。六合機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工(gong)況一(yi)般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混(hun)合(he)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長時間(jian)(jian)干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀態時,兩端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)微凸體將直接接觸而引(yin)起劇烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使(shi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質喪(sang)失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱直至(zhi)燒毀密封。在無流體介質的(de)(de)工(gong)況下,如何(he)減少磨(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱,那(nei)就要依靠干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密封了。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)(yong)材(cai)質為耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有二(er)個截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間(jian)有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套外(wai)(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)涂有耐磨(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)料一(yi)般為三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或(huo)三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離氣,通常使用(yong)(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控(kong)制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)(yong)于密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干運行(xing),得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)設于外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上且(qie)可呈(cheng)相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有供旋(xuan)轉軸安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)通孔(kong),且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上設有促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除(chu)了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)之外(wai)(wai),主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具(ju)備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度高,能(neng)耐(nai)壓(ya)和耐(nai)壓(ya)力變(bian)形;
(2)具(ju)有耐干磨性,耐高載荷性,自潤(run)滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對材料的磨合性好(hao),無過(guo)大的磨損和對偶(ou)腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨(mo)性(xing)好,摩擦(ca)材料(liao)雖然是易損件,起到保護制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)(de)作用(yong),但要求具(ju)有一定的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性(xing),使用(yong)壽命盡量要長(chang),刮傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對偶(ou),都會(hui)造成(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)(dao)熱(re)量的(de)能(neng)力大小,即(ji)包括(kuo)吸熱(re),也包括(kuo)散熱(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好的(de)必然散熱(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂性(xing)好(hao),根本解決抗熱(re)裂性(xing)問題可能需要改(gai)變封孔方法(fa);
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一些有(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將(jiang)良好的摩擦學特性與(yu)有(you)些流體的耐腐蝕性結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小(xiao)(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹會(hui)造(zao)成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶(ou)之間的(de)間隙過小(xiao)(xiao),發(fa)生(sheng)拖摩,損毀制動、傳動裝置。