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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣:133718 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改(gai)集式密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)或介質壓(ya)(ya)力的(de)自緊(jin)作用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)及固定(ding)件(jian)之間產生(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)力的(de)動密封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結構形(xing)式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)組(zu)成。常用(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡膠、柔性(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的(de)需預(yu)(yu)先浸漬潤(run)滑性(xing)(xing)好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并(bing)采(cai)用(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)(xiang)用(yong)以安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等(deng),用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)作時阻止介質外(wai)漏,彈(dan)簧可起補(bu)償作用(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)料(liao)腔以(yi)后,經壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲(si)對它(ta)作(zuo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相對運(yun)動時(shi),由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性,使它(ta)產生徑(jing)向力,并(bing)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密接觸。與(yu)此(ci)同時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被(bei)擠出(chu)(chu),在(zai)接觸面之間形成油(you)膜(mo)。由于接觸狀態(tai)(tai)并(bing)不是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),接觸部位(wei)便(bian)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)“邊(bian)界潤滑(hua)”狀態(tai)(tai),稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應”;而未接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部形成小油(you)槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接觸部位(wei)與(yu)非接觸部位(wei)組成一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迷宮,起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,此(ci)稱“迷宮效(xiao)應”。這就(jiu)是(shi)填(tian)料(liao)密封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密封(feng)在(zai)于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)應”和“迷宮效(xiao)應”。也就(jiu)是(shi)說,要保持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不良,或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)得(de)過緊(jin)都會(hui)使油(you)膜(mo)中斷(duan),造成填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)(chu)現(xian)干(gan)摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此,需(xu)要(yao)經常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的潤滑劑在運(yun)行一(yi)段時間(jian)流失之后,再擠出一(yi)些(xie)潤滑劑,同時補償填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體(ti)積變化所造成的壓(ya)緊力松弛(chi)。顯(xian)然,這樣經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),最終將(jiang)使(shi)浸漬(zi)劑枯竭(jie),所以定期更(geng)換(huan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的。此外,為(wei)了維(wei)持(chi)液膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有意讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是(shi)必(bi)要(yao)的。