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發布時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣(qi):98631 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數瑪多機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,瑪多機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。瑪多機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的工(gong)(gong)況一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)(ti)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不(bu)能(neng)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi)(shi),兩(liang)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間的固體(ti)(ti)表面(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇烈的磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)(shi)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)產生大量的摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直至燒(shao)毀密封。在無流體(ti)(ti)介質(zhi)的工(gong)(gong)況下,如(ru)何減少磨損(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠干(gan)(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材質為(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)二個截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩(ju)形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材料一般(ban)為(wei)三(san)氧化二鋁或三(san)氧化二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)操作(zuo)維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)冷(leng)卻(que)系統,可以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可呈(cheng)相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開(kai)設有(you)(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除(chu)了(le)要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)摩(mo)擦副的(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩(mo)擦(ca)材料應具備下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機械強(qiang)度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變(bian)形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性,耐高載(zai)荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨(mo)合性好(hao),無過大(da)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保護(hu)制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的作用,但要(yao)求具(ju)有一定的耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長(chang),刮傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對偶(ou),都會(hui)造成制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和(he)散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)能力大(da)小(xiao),即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re),也(ye)包(bao)括散(san)熱(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的(de)必然散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好(hao),根本解決抗熱裂性問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強,一些有色金(jin)(jin)屬合金(jin)(jin)能將良好的摩擦(ca)學特性與有些流體的耐腐(fu)蝕性結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao)(xiao),熱膨脹會(hui)造(zao)成摩(mo)擦材料(liao)與摩(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao)(xiao),發生拖摩(mo),損毀(hui)制動、傳動裝置。