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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134195 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料改集式密封是指通過預緊(jin)或介質(zhi)壓力的自緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料與(yu)轉動(dong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)及固(gu)(gu)定件(jian)(jian)(jian)之間產生壓緊(jin)力的動(dong)密封裝置(zhi)。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函密封”。結構(gou)形(xing)式較多(duo),主要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料箱(xiang)和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料固(gu)(gu)定件(jian)(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料材(cai)料有石(shi)棉(mian)織(zhi)物、碳纖維(wei)、橡膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和(he)工程(cheng)塑料等,預制(zhi)成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的需預先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好(hao)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并(bing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層(ceng)結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料固(gu)(gu)定件(jian)(jian)(jian)包括壓蓋(gai)、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料預緊(jin),工作時阻止介質(zhi)外漏,彈簧可起(qi)補償作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲(si)對它(ta)作軸向壓(ya)縮,當軸與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相對運動(dong)時(shi),由(you)于填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性,使(shi)它(ta)產(chan)生徑向力(li),并與(yu)軸緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)此同時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑劑(ji)被擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)觸(chu)面之(zhi)間(jian)形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由(you)于接(jie)觸(chu)狀態(tai)并不是特(te)別均勻的(de),接(jie)觸(chu)部位便出(chu)(chu)現“邊界潤(run)滑”狀態(tai),稱為“軸承(cheng)效應”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較(jiao)厚的(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)部位與(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)部位組成(cheng)一道不規(gui)則的(de)迷宮,起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)作用,此稱“迷宮效應”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)(mi)封的(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封在于維持“軸承(cheng)效應”和(he)“迷宮效應”。也就是說(shuo),要保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)滑和(he)適(shi)當的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤(run)滑不良(liang),或壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使(shi)油(you)膜中斷(duan),造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸之(zhi)間(jian)出(chu)(chu)現干(gan)摩擦,最后導致燒軸和(he)出(chu)(chu)現嚴重(zhong)磨損(sun)。
為此(ci),需要經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便(bian)填(tian)料(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑在運行一(yi)段時(shi)間流失之后,再擠(ji)出一(yi)些(xie)潤(run)滑劑,同時(shi)補(bu)償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所造成(cheng)的(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然(ran),這(zhe)樣經(jing)常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)料(liao),最終將使浸(jin)漬劑枯竭,所以定(ding)期更換填(tian)料(liao)是必要的(de)。此(ci)外,為了(le)維持(chi)液膜和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有意讓(rang)填(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必要的(de)。