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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):98915 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數梅江機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,梅江機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。梅江機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦的(de)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)擦和邊界(jie)摩(mo)擦三類,但(dan)不(bu)能長時間干摩(mo)擦。干摩(mo)擦狀態時,兩端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)而引(yin)起劇(ju)烈的(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)時一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)擦表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或(huo)遷移(yi),導(dao)致(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會產生(sheng)大量(liang)的(de)摩(mo)擦熱(re)直至(zhi)燒毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質(zhi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)況(kuang)下,如何減少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)擦熱(re),那就要依靠(kao)干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)封(feng)了(le)。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)質為耐磨(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)(ti)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝(zhuang)有二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套之間有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙(xi),軸套外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般為三氧化(hua)二(er)鋁或三氧化(hua)二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時(shi)需要增加隔離(li)氣,通常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控(kong)制在25-40。主(zhu)要應(ying)用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于操作維修(xiu)簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需要復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以(yi)干運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有外(wai)罩及架(jia)設(she)于外(wai)罩上且可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩固定(ding)連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開(kai)設(she)有供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩上設(she)有促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要是摩擦(ca)副的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應(ying)具(ju)備下列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強度高(gao),能(neng)耐(nai)壓和耐(nai)壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing)(xing),耐高載荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)(de)磨合性好,無過(guo)大的(de)(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然(ran)是(shi)易損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的(de)作用,但(dan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)具(ju)有一(yi)定的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用壽(shou)命盡量要(yao)(yao)長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕(shi)和(he)粘附(fu)對偶,都會造(zao)成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和(he)不(bu)穩(wen)定;
(5)導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)散熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好,導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力大(da)小,即(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)吸熱(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)散熱(re)(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好的必然散熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本解決抗熱(re)裂(lie)性(xing)問題可(ke)能需要改(gai)變封孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)強(qiang),一些有色金屬合金能將良好的摩(mo)擦學特性(xing)與有些流體的耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材(cai)料與摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。