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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98723 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數岷縣機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,岷縣機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。岷縣機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩擦(ca)(ca)的工況一(yi)般分(fen)為:流體摩擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不(bu)能(neng)長時(shi)間(jian)干摩擦(ca)(ca)。干摩擦(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的固體表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸(tu)體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇烈的磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時(shi)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使(shi)摩擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質喪(sang)失或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)損壞(huai);另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產生大量的摩擦(ca)(ca)熱直至燒毀(hui)密(mi)封(feng)。在無流體介質的工況下,如何減少磨(mo)損降低(di)摩擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依(yi)靠干磨(mo)密(mi)封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種,常用材質為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳(tan)精,結構(gou)包(bao)括環(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和(he)環(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)(you)環(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至少(shao)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)二個截面(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的(de)(de)內徑(jing)與(yu)環(huan)行(xing)軸套之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套外表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材料(liao)一般為三(san)氧化二鋁或三(san)氧化二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)(yao)(yao)增加隔(ge)離氣,通(tong)常使(shi)用氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)應用于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)操(cao)作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可(ke)以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)且可(ke)呈相(xiang)對旋轉及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與(yu)外罩(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)(you)供旋轉軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)端面(mian)分別(bie)為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)(you)促(cu)使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)彈(dan)性抵壓件。除了(le)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)外,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)摩擦副的(de)(de)材料(liao)問(wen)題。
摩(mo)擦材料應具(ju)備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機械強度(du)高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和(he)耐壓(ya)力(li)變形(xing);
(2)具有耐干磨(mo)性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自(zi)潤(run)滑性(xing)好;
(3)配(pei)對材料(liao)的(de)磨合性好,無過(guo)大的(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易損件,起到(dao)保護制動(dong)或傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)的作用,但要求具(ju)有一定的耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐(fu)蝕和粘附(fu)對偶,都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導熱(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)性(xing)好,導熱(re)性(xing)是傳(chuan)導熱(re)量的能力大(da)小,即包括吸熱(re),也包括散熱(re),所(suo)以,導熱(re)性(xing)好的必然散熱(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性(xing)好,根本(ben)解決抗熱裂性(xing)問題(ti)可能需要(yao)改變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強(qiang),一(yi)些有(you)色金屬合金能(neng)將良好的摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些流體(ti)的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數(shu)小,熱膨脹會(hui)造(zao)成摩(mo)(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙過小,發生拖摩(mo)(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。