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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:99547 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數墨脫機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,墨脫機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。墨脫機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間(jian)干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)微凸體將(jiang)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起(qi)劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物質喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)損壞(huai);另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)會(hui)產生大量(liang)的(de)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒毀(hui)密封。在(zai)無流體介質的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下,如何減少磨損降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依(yi)靠干磨密封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong),常用(yong)材質為(wei)耐磨碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)有(you)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少(shao)裝有(you)二個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)徑與環(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套之(zhi)間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套外表面(mian)涂有(you)耐磨涂層,涂層材料一般為(wei)三氧化(hua)二鋁或(huo)三氧化(hua)二鉻(ge)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣(qi)(qi),通常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)氮氣(qi)(qi),氮氣(qi)(qi)耗量能(neng)控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)毒介(jie)質,由于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架(jia)設于(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)且可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)促使(shi)(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除(chu)了(le)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外,主要(yao)(yao)是摩(mo)擦副(fu)的(de)(de)材料問(wen)題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械(xie)強度(du)高,能耐(nai)壓和耐(nai)壓力(li)變形;
(2)具(ju)有耐干(gan)磨性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和對偶(ou)腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性(xing)好,摩擦(ca)材料雖然是易損件,起到保(bao)護制動(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)(de)作(zuo)用,但(dan)要求具有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性(xing),使用壽命(ming)盡量要長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對偶,都會造成制動(dong)(dong)或傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)震動(dong)(dong)和(he)不穩(wen)定(ding);
(5)導熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)散(san)(san)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好,導熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是傳導熱(re)量的(de)能(neng)力大小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re),也(ye)包(bao)括散(san)(san)熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好的(de)必然散(san)(san)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)熱(re)裂(lie)性好,根本解決抗(kang)熱(re)裂(lie)性問題可能(neng)需要改(gai)變封(feng)孔方法(fa);
(7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一些有(you)色金屬合金能將良好的摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)結(jie)合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會(hui)造(zao)成摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對(dui)偶(ou)之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)過(guo)小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。