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發布(bu)時間:2022-01-10 11:33:20 人氣:125853 來源:
在對南口街道機械密封泄漏原因進行分析時,要根據實踐經驗、現場觀察并借助儀器測量,弄清楚密封元件與密封性能之間的內在聯系,全方位檢查密封環、傳動件、加載彈性元件、輔助密封圈、防轉機構、緊固螺釘、底座、軸套、密封腔體以及密封系統等部位,綜合分析,找出南口街道機械密封泄漏原因,以此為依據,選擇正確的南口街道機械密封。
1.機械磨損
南口街道機械密封泄漏中較為常見的就是機械磨損,機械磨損導致密封副端面產生分離,造成密封泄漏。機械磨損還會破壞密封副的正常配合關系,使傳動軸轉動時引起密封元件發生軸向位移和擺動,導致南口街道機械密封泄漏。這種南口街道機械密封泄漏可根據南口街道機械密封副磨損痕跡的具體情況進行準確判斷。如果密封磨損痕跡均勻而產生泄漏,說明南口街道機械密封泄漏的出現是由其他部位引起的。此時需要檢測其他部位而非密封本身。如果密封副沒有磨損痕跡而出現泄漏,說明可能是動環相對于靜環不旋轉或者出現打滑,可以對防轉銷或底座進行檢測,確定是否是防轉銷脫落了或者底座的孔徑與密封件的外徑不相匹配所致。如果南口街道機械密封副磨損(sun)痕跡(ji)很(hen)深,則有(you)(you)可能是傳動(dong)軸(zhou)轉動(dong)時(shi)密封(feng)副出現分離,有(you)(you)大顆粒物質嵌入(ru)軟(ruan)質碳(tan)端面,此時(shi)可用硬(ying)質材(cai)料作為密封(feng)副材(cai)料。
2.由(you)熱損傷引起的密封泄漏
機械產生過大的熱量往往造成南口街道機械密封副(fu)變形、熱裂或皰疤,引起(qi)泄漏。
熱裂主(zhu)要是機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)干摩(mo)擦(ca)或冷卻系(xi)統發生中斷等情況(kuang)下,造成機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)短時間內承受(shou)超(chao)負荷(he)熱量而出(chu)(chu)現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環表(biao)面(mian)徑向裂紋。由于熱裂往往引起密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環磨損加(jia)劇,造成大量的(de)(de)(de)泄漏,所(suo)以在(zai)設計機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)時要充分考(kao)慮機(ji)械材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)物理性質,并(bing)要根(gen)據(ju)機(ji)械材(cai)(cai)質設定特定的(de)(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)條件(jian)。皰(pao)疤主(zhu)要是由于碳石墨導致粘結劑(ji)被擠出(chu)(chu),出(chu)(chu)現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)泄漏。由于介質的(de)(de)(de)潤滑性、操(cao)作溫度(du)(du)、線速(su)度(du)(du)、配對材(cai)(cai)料(liao)組合(he)等因素的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響都會使機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)產生大量熱能(neng),所(suo)以為了使機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱能(neng)及時散發,改變端面(mian)面(mian)積比、減少載荷(he)、靜止型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)并(bing)加(jia)導流套都能(neng)較好地(di)改善密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)散熱條件(jian),保(bao)證機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行(xing)。
3.由腐(fu)蝕(shi)引起的密封泄(xie)漏
機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是引起機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泄漏最主(zhu)要(yao)原因(yin)之一(yi),一(yi)般(ban)有(you)化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)電(dian)化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是由于機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)長時(shi)間(jian)與腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)接(jie)觸(chu)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)種腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)影響(xiang)較大(da)(da),甚至(zhi)會導致機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)金(jin)屬晶界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞或斷(duan)裂(lie)。電(dian)化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)是密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環兩種金(jin)屬在電(dian)介質(zhi)溶液中產生(sheng)電(dian)位差,導致機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產生(sheng)電(dian)池腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。不管是化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還是電(dian)化學(xue)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)都(dou)有(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),所(suo)以在機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)材料(liao)選取上要(yao)考慮密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)性(xing)(xing),選擇比(bi)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)更(geng)耐腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)。機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)慢(man)與壓(ya)力、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)滑(hua)動(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系。當(dang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)所(suo)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力增(zeng)大(da)(da)、溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)升高、滑(hua)動(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)加快(kuai)時(shi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)也會加快(kuai)。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)些因(yin)素,采(cai)取雙(shuang)端面(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可以減(jian)少密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)與腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu),從而減(jian)輕腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選取可以采(cai)用奧氏(shi)體不銹鋼,并(bing)在1 050℃下進行(xing)熱處理,防止晶間(jian)腐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
4.由密封(feng)零件失效引起的密封(feng)泄漏
機(ji)械(xie)的(de)輔助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)對機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有著至關(guan)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)作用(yong),輔助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)般選(xuan)用(yong)合(he)成橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。合(he)成橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)旦(dan)出現老化、永(yong)久性變形(xing)(xing)(xing)、扭曲及擠(ji)出損傷等(deng)(deng)情況時,會(hui)使機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)出現泄漏(lou)。因此(ci)合(he)成橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)材質選(xuan)取要(yao)(yao)充分考(kao)慮(lv)其安全使用(yong)溫度(du),增加(jia)合(he)成橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)截面(mian),用(yong)橡(xiang)膠包覆聚(ju)四氟(fu)乙烯等(deng)(deng)復(fu)合(he)材料(liao)作為密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)材料(liao),提高材料(liao)的(de)硬度(du)。在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)安裝時,要(yao)(yao)在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)槽(cao)內涂上(shang)潤滑脂。除(chu)了密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)外,彈簧、傳動銷(xiao)等(deng)(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)如發生變形(xing)(xing)(xing)、斷(duan)裂、腐(fu)蝕等(deng)(deng)也會(hui)導致密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)泄漏(lou)。在機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)運行(xing)時,也要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)彈簧、傳動銷(xiao)等(deng)(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)的(de)狀態,確(que)保彈簧、傳動銷(xiao)等(deng)(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)沒有磨損或者(zhe)變形(xing)(xing)(xing),使機(ji)械(xie)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)正常運行(xing)。