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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:99543 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數平定機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,平定機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。平定機械密封端面摩(mo)(mo)擦的工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般分為:流體(ti)(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦和(he)邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦三類,但(dan)不能長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)干摩(mo)(mo)擦。干摩(mo)(mo)擦狀態時(shi),兩端面間(jian)的固體(ti)(ti)表面微凸體(ti)(ti)將直接接觸而引(yin)起劇烈的磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面會使摩(mo)(mo)擦表面物質喪失(shi)或遷移,導致(zhi)表面損(sun)(sun)壞(huai);另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面會產生大量(liang)的摩(mo)(mo)擦熱直至燒毀密(mi)封。在無流體(ti)(ti)介質的工(gong)況(kuang)下(xia),如何減(jian)少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)擦熱,那就要依靠干磨(mo)密(mi)封了。
干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一(yi)種,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)材(cai)質為(wei)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少裝有(you)(you)(you)二個截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套之(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)料一(yi)般為(wei)三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁(lv)或三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)時需(xu)要增(zeng)加隔離氣(qi)(qi),通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)氮氣(qi)(qi),氮氣(qi)(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)(you)(you)毒介質,由于操作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)要復(fu)雜的(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統(tong),可以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)(you)(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設于外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼合(he)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固定(ding)連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開(kai)設有(you)(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝的(de)通(tong)孔(kong),且(qie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)促使動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要是摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料問題(ti)。
摩擦材料應具備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐(nai)壓(ya)和耐(nai)壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干(gan)磨性(xing),耐(nai)高載(zai)荷(he)性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和(he)對偶(ou)腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易損(sun)件,起到保護制動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的作用,但(dan)要求(qiu)具(ju)有一定的耐磨性(xing),使用壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對(dui)偶,都會(hui)造成制動(dong)或傳動(dong)的震動(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和(he)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好,導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大小,即包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所(suo)以(yi),導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好的必然(ran)散(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決(jue)抗熱裂性問題可(ke)能需要改(gai)變封孔(kong)方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性強,一些有色(se)金屬合(he)金能將良好的摩(mo)擦學(xue)特性與有些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性結合(he);
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數(shu)小,熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過(guo)小,發生拖(tuo)摩,損毀(hui)制動、傳動裝置。