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發布時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98731 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數平遠機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,平遠機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。平遠機械密封端(duan)(duan)面摩擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分為(wei):流(liu)(liu)體摩擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間干(gan)(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)面間的(de)固(gu)體表面微凸體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方(fang)面會(hui)(hui)使摩擦(ca)(ca)表面物質喪失或遷移,導(dao)致(zhi)表面損(sun)壞;另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面會(hui)(hui)產生大量的(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)熱直至燒(shao)毀密封。在無流(liu)(liu)體介質的(de)工況下,如何減少磨損(sun)降低摩擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依(yi)靠干(gan)(gan)磨密封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用材質為(wei)耐磨碳(tan)精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至(zhi)少裝有(you)二個截(jie)面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套外表面(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐磨涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)材料一般為(wei)三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁或三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增加隔(ge)離氣(qi),通(tong)常(chang)使用氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗(hao)量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應用于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由于(yu)操(cao)作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統(tong),可(ke)以干運行(xing)(xing),得(de)到廣泛(fan)的(de)應用。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架(jia)設(she)于(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可(ke)呈相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設(she)有(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安(an)裝的(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設(she)有(you)促(cu)使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈性抵壓件(jian)。除了要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是摩擦(ca)副(fu)的(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備(bei)下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐(nai)壓(ya)和(he)耐(nai)壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性,耐(nai)高載(zai)荷性,自(zi)潤(run)滑性好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大(da)的磨(mo)損和對(dui)偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩擦(ca)材料(liao)雖然(ran)是易損件,起到(dao)保護制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置的作用,但要(yao)求具有一定的耐磨性(xing),使用壽命(ming)盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐(fu)蝕和(he)粘附(fu)對偶,都(dou)會造(zao)成制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導熱(re)性和散(san)熱(re)性好,導熱(re)性是傳導熱(re)量的能力大小,即包括吸熱(re),也(ye)包括散(san)熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性好的必然散(san)熱(re)性也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)好,根本(ben)解決抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)問題可能需要(yao)改變封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性強,一(yi)些有色(se)金屬合金能將良好的(de)(de)摩擦學特性與有些流(liu)體的(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性結(jie)合;
(8)線膨脹(zhang)(zhang)系數小(xiao),熱膨脹(zhang)(zhang)會造成摩擦(ca)材料與摩擦(ca)對偶之間的間隙過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩,損(sun)毀(hui)制(zhi)動、傳動裝置。