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發布時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:100202 來源:
鄱陽機械密封是一(yi)種依靠彈性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)對(dui)(dui)動(dong)、靜(jing)環端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預緊(jin)(jin)和介質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)力與彈性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)而達(da)到(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸向端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。動(dong)環和靜(jing)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)組成一(yi)對(dui)(dui)摩擦(ca)副(fu),動(dong)環靠密(mi)(mi)封(feng)室中液(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力使其端(duan)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)在靜(jing)環端(duan)面(mian)上(shang),并在兩環端(duan)面(mian)上(shang)產(chan)生適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)比壓(ya)(ya)和保(bao)持一(yi)層極(ji)薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)膜而達(da)到(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
常用鄱陽機械密封結構由(you)靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(靜環(huan)(huan))、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)環(huan)(huan)(動環(huan)(huan))、彈(dan)性元(yuan)(yuan)件、彈(dan)簧座、固緊件、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)環(huan)(huan)輔(fu)(fu)助密(mi)封圈(quan)和靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)輔(fu)(fu)助密(mi)封圈(quan)等元(yuan)(yuan)件組成,防轉(zhuan)銷固定在壓蓋(gai)上以(yi)防止(zhi)靜止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)轉(zhuan)動。這(zhe)些元(yuan)(yuan)件都有哪些作用呢(ni)?
(1)動、靜環(huan):保(bao)持緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合組(zu)成密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)防止(zhi)介質泄(xie)漏。要(yao)求動、靜環(huan)具有良(liang)好的耐(nai)磨性動環(huan)可以軸向移動,自動補償密(mi)(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)磨損(sun),使之與靜環(huan)良(liang)好地貼(tie)合,靜環(huan)有浮動性,起緩沖作用(yong)。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型鄱陽機械密封。波形管(guan)常用于高溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特殊條件。
(3)輔助密封(feng)(0形環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他異形密封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要起到(dao)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密封(feng)作用,同時也(ye)起到(dao)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)性和緩沖的(de)(de)作用。要求靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密封(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓蓋之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)密封(feng)性,使靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)性,動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密封(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)或軸(zhou)(zhou)套之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)密封(feng).材料要求耐(nai)熱、耐(nai)寒(han)方(fang)面與(yu)介質接近。
(4)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian):傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)包括傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵(jian)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳或牙嵌式聯(lian)接器,其作(zuo)用是(shi)將軸的轉(zhuan)矩傳(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan),材料(liao)要求耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損。
(5)固緊(jin)(jin)件:包括緊(jin)(jin)定螺釘、彈簧(huang)座、壓蓋、組裝套(tao)、軸套(tao)。起著靜、動(dong)環(huan)的定位、固緊(jin)(jin)作用(yong)。要求定位正確,保證摩擦副密封面處(chu)于正確的位置,并且(qie)保持良好(hao)貼(tie)合的彈簧(huang)比壓,同時(shi)要求拆(chai)裝方(fang)便,容易就位,能重復使用(yong),與(yu)輔助密封配(pei)合處(chu)應(ying)注意安(an)裝密封環(huan)的倒角和壓彈量(liang),特(te)別注意動(dong)環(huan)密封圈(quan)與(yu)軸套(tao)配(pei)合處(chu)要求耐腐蝕和耐磨損(sun),必要時(shi)采用(yong)硬面復層。
介紹完了鄱陽機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。鄱陽機械密封的(de)(de)泄漏點基本(ben)上都表現(xian)在6處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu):①動(dong)、靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);②靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)盒(he)的(de)(de)輔助(zhu)密(mi)封處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);③靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)壓蓋與離(li)心(xin)泵泵體之間的(de)(de)密(mi)封處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);④動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)鑲(xiang)嵌結(jie)構配合處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);⑤軸(zhou)套與泵軸(zhou)之間的(de)(de)密(mi)封處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);⑥動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸(zhou)套的(de)(de)輔助(zhu)密(mi)封處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。
注意:⑤和⑥只(zhi)有在安裝軸套(tao)時才存在。