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發布時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣(qi):134051 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或(huo)介(jie)質壓力(li)的(de)(de)自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動(dong)件及固定(ding)件之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)(jin)力(li)的(de)(de)動(dong)密封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結構形式(shi)較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件組成。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡膠、柔(rou)性石墨和工(gong)程(cheng)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成環狀或(huo)條(tiao)狀(有的(de)(de)需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)多環或(huo)螺旋狀多層結構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件包括壓蓋、螺栓和彈(dan)簧(huang)等(deng),用(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質外漏,彈(dan)簧(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以后(hou),經(jing)壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲(si)對它(ta)作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有(you)相(xiang)對運動(dong)時(shi),由于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它(ta)產生徑向力,并與軸(zhou)(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與此同時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)并不(bu)是特別(bie)均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)便(bian)出(chu)現(xian)“邊(bian)界潤滑”狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai),稱為(wei)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”;而(er)未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)小油(you)槽,有(you)較(jiao)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)與非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)組成(cheng)(cheng)一道不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),此稱“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。這就是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)機理。顯(xian)然(ran),良好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在(zai)于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”和“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。也(ye)就是說,要保(bao)持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)潤滑和適當的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若(ruo)潤滑不(bu)良,或壓(ya)得過緊都會使(shi)油(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦,最后(hou)導致(zhi)燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)嚴重(zhong)磨損。
為(wei)此,需要(yao)經常對填(tian)料的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)程度進行調整,以便(bian)填(tian)料中(zhong)的(de)潤滑劑在運行一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)流失(shi)之后,再擠出一(yi)些潤滑劑,同時(shi)補(bu)償填(tian)料因體(ti)積變(bian)化所(suo)造成的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)力松弛。顯(xian)然(ran),這(zhe)樣(yang)經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)料,最終將使浸漬劑枯(ku)竭,所(suo)以定期更(geng)換填(tian)料是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。此外,為(wei)了維(wei)持液膜和帶走(zou)摩(mo)擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)料處(chu)有(you)少量泄漏(lou)也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。