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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:97907 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數清江浦機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,清江浦機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。清江浦機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的工(gong)況一般分(fen)為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)(shi)間干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi)(shi),兩端面(mian)(mian)(mian)間的固體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時(shi)(shi)一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪失(shi)或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產生(sheng)大量的摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀(hui)密封(feng)。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質的工(gong)況下,如何減少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)了(le)。
干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常(chang)用材質為(wei)耐磨(mo)碳(tan)精,結構(gou)包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少裝有(you)(you)二個截(jie)面為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內徑(jing)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間(jian)有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套外表面涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材料一般(ban)為(wei)三(san)氧化二鋁或三(san)氧化二鉻。干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使(shi)用氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要應(ying)用于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)操作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需(xu)要復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干(gan)(gan)(gan)運行(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。干(gan)(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架設(she)于(yu)外罩(zhao)上且可呈相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分開設(she)有(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端面分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外罩(zhao)上設(she)有(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵(di)壓件。除了要保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)之外,主(zhu)要是摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料問(wen)題。
摩擦材料(liao)應具備(bei)下列條件(jian):
(1)機械強度(du)高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性(xing),耐(nai)高載荷性(xing),自潤(run)滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料(liao)的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和(he)對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好(hao),摩擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保護制動或(huo)傳動裝置的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),但要求(qiu)具有(you)一定的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用(yong)壽命(ming)盡量要長(chang),刮(gua)傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附(fu)對(dui)偶(ou),都會造成制動或(huo)傳動的(de)震動和不穩(wen)定;
(5)導(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱性(xing)(xing)好,導(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)是傳(chuan)導(dao)熱量(liang)的能力大小,即(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱,也包(bao)括(kuo)散(san)熱,所(suo)以,導(dao)熱性(xing)(xing)好的必然(ran)散(san)熱性(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)(lie)性(xing)好,根本解(jie)決抗熱裂(lie)(lie)性(xing)問(wen)題可能需(xu)要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強(qiang),一些有色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良(liang)好(hao)的摩擦學特性(xing)與有些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結(jie)合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數(shu)小,熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會造(zao)成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過(guo)小,發生拖摩,損(sun)毀制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝置。