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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:114102 來源(yuan):
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、青松路街道機械密封、浮(fu)動環(huan)密封(feng)和迷宮密封(feng)。
填料密封
它由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)蓋(gai)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、水封(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)等組成,是(shi)目前普(pu)通離(li)(li)心泵(beng)最(zui)常(chang)采用的一(yi)種軸封(feng)。離(li)(li)心泵(beng)工作時(shi),壓(ya)蓋(gai)將填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin),使泄漏(lou)量減小,從(cong)而達到密(mi)封(feng)的目的。壓(ya)蓋(gai)不能過(guo)松或(huo)過(guo)緊(jin),過(guo)緊(jin)則造成軸套(tao)與填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面摩擦加(jia)大,溫度迅速升(sheng)高,嚴重時(shi)可導(dao)致軸套(tao)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燒壞;過(guo)松則泄漏(lou)量加(jia)大,離(li)(li)心泵(beng)效率(lv)下降。壓(ya)緊(jin)程度應使液(ye)體從(cong)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)漏(lou)出少(shao)量液(ye)滴(di)為宜。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱中(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)環,通過水(shui)(shui)(shui)封(feng)環引(yin)入潔凈水(shui)(shui)(shui),使(shi)其(qi)在(zai)軸上(shang)形成水(shui)(shui)(shui)環進行密封(feng),以防止空氣漏(lou)(lou)人泵(beng)內或(huo)(huo)泵(beng)內壓(ya)力水(shui)(shui)(shui)漏(lou)(lou)出泵(beng)外,密封(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與軸之間(jian),同時亦起冷卻與潤(run)滑作用(yong)(yong)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)常采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨油浸石(shi)棉(mian)繩或(huo)(huo)石(shi)墨油浸含銅、鋁(lv)等金(jin)屬(shu)絲的(de)石(shi)棉(mian)繩,高壓(ya)泵(beng)采用(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙(yi)烯(xi)效果(guo)好。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)密封(feng)具有結構簡單、工(gong)作可(ke)靠造價低(di)(di)等優點;但使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命短,軸套(tao)易磨(mo)損,且(qie)造成介質泄漏(lou)(lou)損失,一般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)。
它主要(yao)由動(dong)(dong)環(huan)、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密封環(huan)等組(zu)成。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)用定位螺栓銷定在(zai)(zai)轉軸上,與軸一起(qi)轉動(dong)(dong);靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)使用防轉銷固定在(zai)(zai)泵體上,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)止不(bu)動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)體壓力(li)及(ji)彈簧(huang)力(li)的作用下與靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)的端面(mian)(mian)保(bao)持(chi)均勻、緊密接(jie)觸(chu),從而實現密封。為了(le)保(bao)證動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan)的正常工作,在(zai)(zai)兩環(huan)的端面(mian)(mian)間需(xu)要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)一層(ceng)極(ji)薄的水膜,起(qi)冷卻和潤滑的作用。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。青松路街道機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。青松路街道機械密封缺點是結構復(fu)雜(za),端面加工(gong)精度要(yao)求極高,價格昂貴,且安裝技術(shu)要(yao)求高,另一方面對(dui)介質清潔度要(yao)求較(jiao)高。
浮動環密封
它主要由(you)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)、彈簧等組成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)密封(feng)是以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)密封(feng)端(duan)面在液(ye)體(ti)壓力及彈簧力的(de)作用下保持緊密接觸來實現密封(feng)的(de);同(tong)(tong)時又以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)的(de)內圓(yuan)表面與(yu)軸套外表面所形成(cheng)的(de)微(wei)小間隙對液(ye)體(ti)產生節流(liu)來達(da)到軸向(xiang)(xiang)密封(feng)。液(ye)體(ti)的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力使浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)沿(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)密封(feng)端(duan)面徑向(xiang)(xiang)自由(you)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)調整(zheng)環(huan)(huan)心,當浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸同(tong)(tong)心時,液(ye)體(ti)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力平衡(heng),浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)不在浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于青松路街道機械密封,結構簡(jian)單,運(yun)行中無軸向碰(peng)撞問題,運(yun)行可靠(kao)、密封效果好;其缺點是軸向尺(chi)寸較(jiao)長,對具有(you)短而粗的(de)軸的(de)大容(rong)量機組(zu)水泵應用較(jiao)少(shao)。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸(chu)型的流(liu)體動力密封(feng),其(qi)機理是利用流(liu)體流(liu)過的轉子與靜子間(jian)的微小間(jian)隙(xi)產(chan)生的節流(liu)降壓效應(ying)來實現密封(feng)。
迷宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)多種不(bu)同型式,金屬迷宮(gong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)與(yu)靜子固接的金屬密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)片(pian)在轉軸間(jian)形成多級(ji)(ji)突擴-突縮的間(jian)隙,對(dui)軸向(xiang)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏流體實(shi)施多級(ji)(ji)降壓、節(jie)流,從而(er)實(shi)現密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng);螺(luo)旋(xuan)迷宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在轉軸表(biao)面(mian)上(shang)車有(you)與(yu)液體泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏方向(xiang)相反的螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao),溝(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)中注(zhu)有(you)略高于密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔室壓力的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)水,軸轉動時(shi)(shi),螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝(gou)(gou)槽(cao)(cao)內(nei)的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)水沿軸向(xiang)螺(luo)旋(xuan)前進,阻止泵內(nei)液體的外泄(xie)(xie)(xie)。迷宮(gong)式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)在工作時(shi)(shi)動、靜部件無接觸(chu)、無磨損,使用壽命長(chang),在大(da)容量(liang)給水泵上(shang)應用廣泛。