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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133974 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密(mi)封是指通過預(yu)緊或介質壓(ya)(ya)力的自緊作(zuo)用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)(jian)(jian)及固定件(jian)(jian)(jian)之間產(chan)生壓(ya)(ya)緊力的動密(mi)封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結構形式(shi)較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)。常用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有石棉(mian)織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性石墨(mo)和(he)工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的需(xu)預(yu)先浸(jin)漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)多(duo)環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)(jian)包括壓(ya)(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止介質外漏,彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料裝入填(tian)(tian)料腔(qiang)以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)料有相對運動(dong)時,由于填(tian)(tian)料的塑性(xing),使(shi)它產(chan)生徑向力,并與軸(zhou)(zhou)緊密接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與此同時,填(tian)(tian)料中浸漬(zi)的潤(run)滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)之間(jian)(jian)形成油膜。由于接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不(bu)是(shi)特(te)別均勻(yun)的,接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位便(bian)出(chu)現(xian)“邊界潤(run)滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”;而未(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的凹部形成小油槽,有較厚(hou)的油膜,接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位與非接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位組成一(yi)道(dao)不(bu)規則的迷(mi)宮(gong),起阻止液流泄(xie)漏的作用,此稱“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料密封的機理。顯(xian)然,良好的密封在于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應”。也(ye)就是(shi)說,要保持(chi)良好的潤(run)滑(hua)和(he)適當的壓(ya)緊。若潤(run)滑(hua)不(bu)良,或(huo)壓(ya)得(de)過緊都(dou)會使(shi)油膜中斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料與軸(zhou)(zhou)之間(jian)(jian)出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨(mo)損。
為此,需要經(jing)常對填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)壓緊程(cheng)度進行(xing)調整,以便填(tian)料(liao)中的(de)(de)潤滑劑在(zai)運行(xing)一(yi)段時間流失之后,再擠出(chu)一(yi)些潤滑劑,同時補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所造成的(de)(de)壓緊力松弛(chi)。顯然,這樣經(jing)常擠壓填(tian)料(liao),最終(zhong)將使浸(jin)漬劑枯竭,所以定期更換填(tian)料(liao)是必要的(de)(de)。此外,為了維持液膜和(he)帶(dai)走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必要的(de)(de)。