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發布時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:100381 來源:
青田機械密封是一種依(yi)靠彈性(xing)元件(jian)對動(dong)、靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)密封(feng)副的(de)(de)預緊(jin)和介(jie)質壓力與彈性(xing)元件(jian)壓力的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)而(er)達到密封(feng)的(de)(de)軸向(xiang)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)密封(feng)裝置。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)和靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)組成(cheng)一對摩擦副,動(dong)環(huan)(huan)靠密封(feng)室中(zhong)液體的(de)(de)壓力使(shi)其端(duan)面(mian)(mian)壓緊(jin)在靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)上(shang),并在兩環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)產生適當的(de)(de)比壓和保持一層極(ji)薄的(de)(de)液體膜而(er)達到密封(feng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
常用青田機械密封結(jie)構由(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)止環(huan)(靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)環(huan))、旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)(動環(huan))、彈性元(yuan)件(jian)、彈簧座、固緊(jin)件(jian)、旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)輔(fu)助密封(feng)圈和靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)止環(huan)輔(fu)助密封(feng)圈等元(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)成,防轉(zhuan)(zhuan)銷(xiao)固定在(zai)壓蓋上以防止靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)止環(huan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動。這些元(yuan)件(jian)都有哪些作(zuo)用呢?
(1)動(dong)、靜環:保持緊(jin)密(mi)貼合組成密(mi)封面防止介(jie)質泄漏。要求動(dong)、靜環具(ju)有(you)良(liang)(liang)好的耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)動(dong)環可以軸(zhou)向移動(dong),自動(dong)補(bu)償密(mi)封面磨(mo)損,使之與靜環良(liang)(liang)好地貼合,靜環有(you)浮動(dong)性(xing),起緩沖作用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型青田機械密封。波形管常用于高溫(wen)、低(di)溫(wen)、強(qiang)腐蝕(shi)等特殊條件(jian)。
(3)輔助(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(0形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔(xie)形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他異(yi)形(xing)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要(yao)(yao)(yao)起(qi)到靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)作用(yong),同時也起(qi)到浮動性和(he)緩沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)求靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)件(jian)保(bao)證靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓(ya)蓋之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性,使靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浮動性,動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)元(yuan)件(jian)保(bao)證動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)或軸(zhou)套(tao)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng).材料要(yao)(yao)(yao)求耐(nai)熱、耐(nai)寒方面(mian)與(yu)介質接(jie)近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括(kuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)座(zuo)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳(er)或牙嵌式聯接器,其作用是將軸的轉(zhuan)矩傳(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan),材料要求耐腐(fu)蝕和耐磨損。
(5)固緊件:包括緊定(ding)螺釘、彈簧(huang)座、壓蓋、組裝(zhuang)套(tao)(tao)、軸(zhou)套(tao)(tao)。起著靜、動(dong)環的(de)定(ding)位、固緊作用(yong)。要求定(ding)位正確,保證摩擦副密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)處(chu)于正確的(de)位置(zhi),并且保持良好貼合(he)的(de)彈簧(huang)比壓,同時要求拆(chai)裝(zhuang)方便,容(rong)易就位,能重(zhong)復(fu)使用(yong),與(yu)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)配合(he)處(chu)應注意安裝(zhuang)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)環的(de)倒角和(he)壓彈量,特別注意動(dong)環密(mi)(mi)封(feng)圈與(yu)軸(zhou)套(tao)(tao)配合(he)處(chu)要求耐(nai)腐蝕和(he)耐(nai)磨(mo)損(sun),必要時采用(yong)硬(ying)面(mian)復(fu)層(ceng)。
介紹完了青田機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。青田機械密封的(de)泄漏點基本上(shang)都表現在(zai)6處(chu)(chu)(chu):①動、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)端面處(chu)(chu)(chu);②靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)盒的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);③靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)壓蓋與(yu)離心泵(beng)泵(beng)體之間(jian)的(de)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);④動環(huan)(huan)鑲嵌(qian)結構配合處(chu)(chu)(chu);⑤軸(zhou)套與(yu)泵(beng)軸(zhou)之間(jian)的(de)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu);⑥動環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)套的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密封(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)。
注(zhu)意:⑤和⑥只有在安裝軸套時(shi)才(cai)存在。