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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94506 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數曲松機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,曲松機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。曲松機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)的工況一般(ban)分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)三類(lei),但(dan)不能長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi)(shi),兩端面(mian)(mian)間的固(gu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇(ju)烈的磨(mo)(mo)損。磨(mo)(mo)損時(shi)(shi)一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪(sang)失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)損壞;另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會產生大量的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re)直至燒毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無流體(ti)介質(zhi)的工況下,如(ru)何減少磨(mo)(mo)損降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re),那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)封(feng)了(le)。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮(fu)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)般為三氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁(lv)或三氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需(xu)要(yao)增加隔離氣,通常使(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能(neng)控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒(du)介質(zhi),由于(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷(leng)卻系統,可以(yi)干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可呈相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通孔,且動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有(you)促使(shi)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵(di)壓件。除了(le)要(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩(mo)擦材料應具備(bei)下列(lie)條(tiao)件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓(ya)(ya)和耐壓(ya)(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨(mo)性,耐高(gao)載荷性,自(zi)潤滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的(de)磨合性好,無過大的(de)磨損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖(sui)然是易損件(jian),起到保護制動或(huo)傳動裝置的作用,但(dan)要求具有一定的耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)性(xing),使用壽(shou)命盡(jin)量要長(chang),刮傷、腐(fu)蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制動或(huo)傳動的震動和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱性(xing)和散熱性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱量的能力(li)大小,即包括吸熱,也(ye)包括散熱,所以(yi),導(dao)熱性(xing)好(hao)的必然散熱性(xing)也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性(xing)好,根(gen)本解決抗熱裂性(xing)問(wen)題可(ke)能需要改變(bian)封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一些(xie)有色金屬合金能將良好(hao)的(de)(de)摩擦學特性與(yu)有些(xie)流體的(de)(de)耐腐蝕性結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱(re)膨脹會造(zao)成摩擦(ca)材(cai)料與摩擦(ca)對偶之(zhi)間的(de)間隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩,損毀(hui)制動、傳(chuan)動裝置。