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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133865 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密封(feng)是指通過預緊(jin)(jin)或(huo)(huo)介質壓力的自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固定(ding)件之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)(jin)力的動密封(feng)裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結構(gou)形式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件組成。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性(xing)石墨和工程(cheng)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預制成環狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)條狀(zhuang)(有的需預先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多環或(huo)(huo)螺旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)多層結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件包括(kuo)壓蓋、螺栓和彈(dan)簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊(jin)(jin),工作(zuo)時(shi)阻止介質外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補償(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以后,經壓蓋螺絲對(dui)它(ta)作軸向壓縮(suo),當(dang)軸與(yu)(yu)(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相對(dui)運(yun)動(dong)時(shi),由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它(ta)產生(sheng)徑向力,并與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)(yu)此同(tong)時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之間形(xing)成(cheng)油(you)膜(mo)。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并不是特別均(jun)勻的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界(jie)潤滑(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸承效應(ying)(ying)”;而(er)未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)凹部形(xing)成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較厚(hou)的(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)組成(cheng)一(yi)道不規則的(de)(de)迷宮,起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷宮效應(ying)(ying)”。這就(jiu)是填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de)機理(li)。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封在(zai)(zai)于維(wei)持“軸承效應(ying)(ying)”和“迷宮效應(ying)(ying)”。也就(jiu)是說,要保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不良(liang),或壓得過緊(jin)都會使(shi)油(you)膜(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸之間出(chu)現(xian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca),最后導致燒軸和出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此(ci)(ci),需要(yao)經常對填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊程(cheng)度進行調整(zheng),以便(bian)填(tian)料(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)潤滑劑(ji)(ji)在運行一(yi)段時間(jian)流失(shi)之后,再擠(ji)(ji)出一(yi)些潤滑劑(ji)(ji),同時補償填(tian)料(liao)因(yin)體積變化所(suo)造成的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊力(li)松弛(chi)。顯然,這樣(yang)經常擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將(jiang)使浸漬劑(ji)(ji)枯竭,所(suo)以定(ding)期更換填(tian)料(liao)是必要(yao)的(de)(de)。此(ci)(ci)外,為(wei)了維持液膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少(shao)量(liang)泄漏(lou)也是必要(yao)的(de)(de)。