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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98613 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數紹興機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,紹興機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。紹興機械密封端面(mian)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)(ti)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合(he)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不能(neng)長時(shi)間干摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩端面(mian)間的(de)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)(ti)將直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸而引起(qi)劇烈(lie)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)會(hui)使摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或(huo)遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)會(hui)產生大量(liang)的(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re)直至(zhi)燒毀(hui)密封。在無流體(ti)(ti)介質的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下,如(ru)何減(jian)少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re),那(nei)就(jiu)要依靠干磨(mo)密封了。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一(yi)種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質為(wei)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)碳精(jing),結(jie)構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)至(zhi)少裝有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)表(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐(nai)(nai)磨(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料一(yi)般為(wei)三氧化二(er)鋁(lv)或三氧化二(er)鉻(ge)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣(qi),通常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制在(zai)25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由于(yu)操作(zuo)維(wei)修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)架(jia)設(she)于(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)且可呈(cheng)相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩固定連(lian)接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設(she)有(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸安裝的(de)通孔,且動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩上(shang)設(she)有(you)促使(shi)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩(mo)擦副(fu)的(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材(cai)料應(ying)具備下(xia)列(lie)條件:
(1)機械(xie)強度高(gao),能耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)和耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)力(li)變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing)(xing),耐高載荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑性(xing)(xing)好;
(3)配對材(cai)料(liao)的磨(mo)合(he)性好,無(wu)過(guo)大(da)的磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然(ran)是易損件,起到保護(hu)制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定的耐(nai)磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量要長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必(bi)然散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根(gen)本(ben)解決抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)問題可能需要改(gai)變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一些有色金屬合金能將良(liang)好的摩擦(ca)學特性(xing)與有些流(liu)體的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系(xi)數小,熱膨脹(zhang)會造成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖(tuo)摩,損(sun)毀制(zhi)動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。