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發(fa)布時間(jian):2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:100216 來源:
紹興機械密封是一(yi)種依靠彈(dan)性(xing)元件對(dui)動、靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)封副(fu)的(de)(de)預緊和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)與彈(dan)性(xing)元件壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊而(er)達到密(mi)封的(de)(de)軸向端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置。動環(huan)(huan)和(he)靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)組成(cheng)一(yi)對(dui)摩擦副(fu),動環(huan)(huan)靠密(mi)封室(shi)中液(ye)體的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)使其端(duan)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)緊在靜環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)上(shang),并在兩環(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)上(shang)產生適(shi)當的(de)(de)比壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)保持(chi)一(yi)層(ceng)極薄的(de)(de)液(ye)體膜而(er)達到密(mi)封的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
常用紹興機械密封結構由靜(jing)止環(靜(jing)環)、旋轉(zhuan)環(動環)、彈(dan)性元件(jian)(jian)、彈(dan)簧(huang)座、固(gu)緊件(jian)(jian)、旋轉(zhuan)環輔助密封(feng)(feng)圈和(he)靜(jing)止環輔助密封(feng)(feng)圈等元件(jian)(jian)組成,防轉(zhuan)銷固(gu)定(ding)在壓蓋上以防止靜(jing)止環轉(zhuan)動。這些(xie)元件(jian)(jian)都有哪些(xie)作用呢(ni)?
(1)動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan):保(bao)持緊密貼合組成密封面(mian)(mian)防(fang)止介質泄漏。要求(qiu)動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)具有良好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)可以軸向移(yi)動(dong)(dong),自動(dong)(dong)補償密封面(mian)(mian)磨損,使(shi)之與靜環(huan)良好(hao)地貼合,靜環(huan)有浮動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing),起(qi)緩沖作用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型紹興機械密封。波(bo)形管常用于(yu)高溫(wen)、低溫(wen)、強腐蝕等特殊條(tiao)件。
(3)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(0形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他異形(xing)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要(yao)(yao)起(qi)到靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)和動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)作用,同時也起(qi)到浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性和緩沖的(de)作用。要(yao)(yao)求靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)保證靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)與壓蓋之間的(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)性,使靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性,動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)保證動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸或軸套之間的(de)密封(feng)(feng)(feng).材料要(yao)(yao)求耐(nai)(nai)熱、耐(nai)(nai)寒方面與介質(zhi)接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件(jian):傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件(jian)包括傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)環、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)鍵(jian)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)突耳(er)或牙嵌(qian)式(shi)聯接器,其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)將軸的轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)環,材(cai)料要求耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損。
(5)固緊件:包括緊定(ding)螺(luo)釘、彈簧(huang)座、壓(ya)(ya)蓋、組裝套、軸(zhou)(zhou)套。起著靜、動(dong)(dong)環(huan)的定(ding)位(wei)、固緊作用(yong)。要(yao)求定(ding)位(wei)正(zheng)確,保證摩擦副密(mi)封(feng)面處于正(zheng)確的位(wei)置,并且(qie)保持(chi)良好貼合(he)的彈簧(huang)比(bi)壓(ya)(ya),同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)求拆裝方便,容易就位(wei),能重(zhong)復(fu)使(shi)用(yong),與輔助(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)配合(he)處應注意(yi)安裝密(mi)封(feng)環(huan)的倒角和(he)壓(ya)(ya)彈量,特別注意(yi)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)密(mi)封(feng)圈與軸(zhou)(zhou)套配合(he)處要(yao)求耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損,必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)采用(yong)硬面復(fu)層(ceng)。
介紹完了紹興機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。紹興機械密封的(de)泄漏點基(ji)本上都(dou)表(biao)現在6處(chu)(chu):①動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面處(chu)(chu);②靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)盒(he)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封處(chu)(chu);③靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)壓蓋與離(li)心泵泵體之間(jian)(jian)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封處(chu)(chu);④動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)鑲嵌結構配合(he)處(chu)(chu);⑤軸(zhou)套(tao)與泵軸(zhou)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封處(chu)(chu);⑥動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸(zhou)套(tao)的(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封處(chu)(chu)。
注(zhu)意:⑤和⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時才存在(zai)。