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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:99577 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數沙依巴克機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,沙依巴克機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。沙依巴克機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的工況一(yi)(yi)般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時,兩端面(mian)間的固(gu)體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇烈的磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷(qian)移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)產(chan)生大量的摩(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒毀(hui)密封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的工況下,如何減(jian)少磨(mo)損降低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,那(nei)就要(yao)依靠干磨(mo)密封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)(yong)(yong)材質為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少(shao)裝(zhuang)有(you)二(er)個截(jie)面(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙(xi),軸套外表面(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材料一般為三(san)氧(yang)(yang)化二(er)鋁或(huo)三(san)氧(yang)(yang)化二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需(xu)要增加(jia)隔離氣(qi)(qi),通(tong)常使用(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)耗量能控(kong)制在25-40。主要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需(xu)要復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing),得到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)及架(jia)設于外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上且(qie)(qie)可呈相對旋(xuan)轉及貼合的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設有(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且(qie)(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端面(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上設有(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性抵(di)壓件。除(chu)了(le)要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)之外,主要是摩擦副的(de)(de)材料問題。
摩(mo)擦材料(liao)應具備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓(ya)和(he)耐壓(ya)力變(bian)形(xing);
(2)具有(you)耐干磨性(xing)(xing),耐高(gao)載(zai)荷性(xing)(xing),自潤滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)好(hao);
(3)配(pei)對(dui)材料(liao)的(de)磨合性好,無(wu)過大的(de)磨損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好(hao),摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損件(jian),起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)(de)作用,但要(yao)求具有一定的(de)(de)耐磨性,使用壽命盡(jin)量要(yao)長(chang),刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力(li)大小(xiao),即包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re),也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性好,根(gen)本解決抗(kang)熱裂性問題可能需(xu)要改變封(feng)孔方法(fa);
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕性強(qiang),一些有(you)色(se)金屬合金能將良好的摩擦學特性與(yu)有(you)些流體的耐(nai)腐蝕性結(jie)合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩(mo)(mo)(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝置。