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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):99093 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數射洪機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,射洪機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。射洪機械密封端(duan)(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩端(duan)(duan)面(mian)間的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)微凸體將直(zhi)接接觸而引起劇(ju)烈的(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損。磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損時一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失(shi)或(huo)遷移,導致(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至(zhi)燒(shao)毀(hui)密(mi)封。在(zai)無流體介質(zhi)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下(xia),如何減少磨(mo)(mo)(mo)損降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)封了(le)。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮(fu)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用材(cai)(cai)(cai)質為耐磨碳(tan)精,結(jie)構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少(shao)裝有(you)二個截面(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑(jing)與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)耐磨涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)(cai)(cai)料一般為三(san)氧(yang)化二鋁或三(san)氧(yang)化二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加(jia)隔離(li)氣(qi),通(tong)(tong)常使用氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能(neng)控制在25-40。主要(yao)應用于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介(jie)質,由于(yu)操(cao)作維修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)應用。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及架設于(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上且可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋轉及貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定連接(jie),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分(fen)開(kai)設有(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通(tong)(tong)孔,且動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)端面(mian)分(fen)別(bie)為動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上設有(you)促(cu)使動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)彈性(xing)抵(di)壓件(jian)。除了要(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦(ca)副的(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料(liao)應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力(li)變形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自潤(run)滑性(xing)好;
(3)配(pei)對材料的(de)磨合性(xing)好,無過大的(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的作用,但要(yao)求具有(you)一定(ding)的耐(nai)(nai)磨性,使用壽命盡(jin)量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐(fu)蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的震動(dong)(dong)和不(bu)穩定(ding);
(5)導熱(re)性和散熱(re)性好,導熱(re)性是傳導熱(re)量(liang)的能力(li)大(da)小,即包(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re),也(ye)包(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性好的必然散熱(re)性也(ye)好;
(6)抗(kang)(kang)熱裂性好,根本(ben)解決抗(kang)(kang)熱裂性問題可能需要(yao)改變封(feng)孔(kong)方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)強,一些有(you)色(se)金(jin)屬合(he)金(jin)能(neng)將良好的摩(mo)擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)結合(he);
(8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小,熱(re)膨脹(zhang)會造(zao)成摩擦材(cai)料與(yu)摩擦對偶之間的間隙過小,發(fa)生(sheng)拖摩,損(sun)毀制(zhi)動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。