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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):98708 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數申扎機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,申扎機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。申扎機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦的(de)工況一般分為(wei):流(liu)體摩(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)擦和邊界摩(mo)擦三類(lei),但不能長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦。干(gan)摩(mo)擦狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)固(gu)體表面(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸體將直接接觸(chu)而引起劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)擦表面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪(sang)失或遷移,導(dao)致表面(mian)(mian)損壞;另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)大量(liang)的(de)摩(mo)擦熱直至燒毀(hui)密封。在無(wu)流(liu)體介質(zhi)的(de)工況下,如何(he)減少磨損降低摩(mo)擦熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮(fu)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材質為(wei)耐磨碳精,結構包括(kuo)(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽(cao),槽(cao)內至少裝有(you)(you)二(er)個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩(ju)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)耐磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料一般為(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻(ge)。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離氣(qi),通常使(shi)用(yong)氮(dan)氣(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)耗量能(neng)控制(zhi)在25-40。主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介(jie)質,由于(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以(yi)干(gan)運行,得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)(kuo)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋轉(zhuan)軸安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔(kong),且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)設有(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行之外(wai)(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是(shi)摩(mo)擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料問題(ti)。
摩擦材(cai)料(liao)應具備下列條件(jian):
(1)機械強度(du)高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高載(zai)荷性,自潤滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對材(cai)料的(de)磨(mo)合性好,無過大的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好(hao),摩擦材(cai)料(liao)雖然(ran)是易損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)作用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定(ding)的(de)耐磨性,使用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附(fu)對(dui)偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)震動(dong)(dong)和不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散熱(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的能(neng)力大小(xiao),即包括吸熱(re),也(ye)包括散熱(re),所以(yi),導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好的必然散熱(re)性(xing)也(ye)好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂(lie)性好,根本解決抗熱(re)裂(lie)性問題(ti)可(ke)能(neng)需(xu)要改(gai)變封孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)強(qiang),一些有色金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)合金(jin)(jin)能將良好(hao)的(de)摩擦學特(te)性(xing)與有些流體的(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小,熱膨(peng)脹會(hui)造成摩擦材(cai)料(liao)與(yu)摩擦對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩,損(sun)毀制(zhi)動、傳動裝置。