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發布時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):98749 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數社旗縣機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,社旗縣機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。社旗縣機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦的(de)(de)工況(kuang)一(yi)般分為(wei):流(liu)(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)擦和邊界摩(mo)擦三類(lei),但不能長(chang)時(shi)間干摩(mo)擦。干摩(mo)擦狀態(tai)時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間的(de)(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)(de)磨損(sun)(sun)。磨損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)使摩(mo)擦表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質喪失或(huo)遷移,導(dao)致(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦熱直至燒毀密封。在(zai)無(wu)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況(kuang)下,如何減少磨損(sun)(sun)降低(di)摩(mo)擦熱,那就要依靠干磨密封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)內(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)二個截(jie)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材料一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)三氧(yang)化(hua)二鋁或三氧(yang)化(hua)二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要增加隔離(li)氣(qi),通常使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗(hao)量能控(kong)制在(zai)25-40。主要應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要復雜(za)的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以(yi)干(gan)運行,得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)(ji)架設(she)(she)于(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩上且可呈(cheng)相對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼合(he)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)(wai)罩固定連接(jie),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上分開設(she)(she)有(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩上設(she)(she)有(you)(you)促(cu)使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行之外(wai)(wai),主要是摩擦副的(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應具(ju)備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐(nai)干(gan)磨性(xing),耐(nai)高載荷(he)性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨合性好,無過大的(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料雖然是易損件,起到保護制動或傳(chuan)動裝置的作用,但要(yao)求具有(you)一定(ding)的耐(nai)磨(mo)性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附(fu)對偶,都會造(zao)成制動或傳(chuan)動的震(zhen)動和不穩(wen)定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大小,即包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也好(hao)(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本解決(jue)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)問題(ti)可能需(xu)要改(gai)變封孔方法(fa);
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一(yi)些有色金屬合金能將良(liang)好的(de)摩擦學特(te)性(xing)與有些流體(ti)的(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造(zao)成摩擦材料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩,損毀制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。