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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98646 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數什玲鎮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,什玲鎮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。什玲鎮機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的工況一般分為:流(liu)體摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界(jie)摩(mo)擦(ca)三(san)類,但不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩端面(mian)間(jian)的固(gu)體表(biao)(biao)面(mian)微凸體將直(zhi)(zhi)接接觸而(er)引(yin)起劇(ju)烈的磨損。磨損時(shi)一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)物質喪失或(huo)遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)會產生大(da)量的摩(mo)擦(ca)熱直(zhi)(zhi)至燒毀密封。在無流(liu)體介質的工況下,如何減少(shao)磨損降低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)材(cai)(cai)質為耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至少裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)個截面(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套(tao)外表面(mian)涂有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)(cai)料一(yi)般為三氧化二(er)(er)鋁(lv)或三氧化二(er)(er)鉻(ge)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時(shi)需要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣,通常使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗(hao)量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)(you)外罩及架(jia)設于外罩上(shang)且可(ke)呈相對旋轉及貼合的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩固定連接(jie),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋轉軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端面(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)外,主要(yao)(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料問(wen)題。
摩擦材(cai)料(liao)應具備(bei)下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐(nai)干磨性(xing),耐(nai)高載荷性(xing),自(zi)潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)(de)磨合性好,無(wu)過大的(de)(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨性(xing)好(hao),摩擦材料(liao)雖然是(shi)易損件,起到保護制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的(de)作(zuo)用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一定(ding)的(de)耐磨性(xing),使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和(he)粘(zhan)附對偶,都會造(zao)成制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和(he)不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性和散(san)熱(re)性好(hao)(hao),導(dao)熱(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)量的(de)能力大小,即包(bao)括(kuo)吸(xi)熱(re),也包(bao)括(kuo)散(san)熱(re),所以(yi),導(dao)熱(re)性好(hao)(hao)的(de)必然散(san)熱(re)性也好(hao)(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱(re)(re)裂性好,根本解決抗(kang)熱(re)(re)裂性問(wen)題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性強,一(yi)些有(you)色金屬(shu)合(he)金能將(jiang)良好(hao)的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性與(yu)有(you)些流體的(de)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性結合(he);
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數(shu)小,熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會(hui)造成摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦材(cai)料與摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦對(dui)偶之間的間隙過小,發生拖摩(mo)(mo)(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。