掃一掃,加微信
聯系客服,馬上詢價
發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:99491 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數市中機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,市中機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。市中機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間(jian)干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端(duan)面(mian)間(jian)的(de)固(gu)體表面(mian)微凸體將(jiang)直接接觸(chu)而引起劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或遷(qian)移,導致表面(mian)損壞;另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密封。在(zai)無(wu)流體介質的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下,如何(he)減少磨損降(jiang)低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠干磨密封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常用材質(zhi)(zhi)為耐磨碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)二個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)外表面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)耐磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料一般為三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁或三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時(shi)需要(yao)增加隔(ge)離氣(qi),通(tong)常使(shi)用氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質(zhi)(zhi),由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復雜(za)的(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可(ke)(ke)以干運行,得到(dao)廣泛的(de)應用。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩及(ji)架(jia)設于外罩上(shang)且可(ke)(ke)呈(cheng)相(xiang)對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼合(he)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開(kai)設有(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)安(an)裝的(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合(he)的(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行之外,主(zhu)要(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)材料問題(ti)。
摩擦(ca)材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能(neng)耐壓和耐壓力變形(xing);
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性,耐高(gao)載荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合性好,無(wu)過大(da)的磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)(nai)磨性好(hao),摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損(sun)件,起到保護制(zhi)動或(huo)傳(chuan)動裝置的(de)作用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一(yi)定的(de)耐(nai)(nai)磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附(fu)對(dui)偶(ou),都會造成(cheng)制(zhi)動或(huo)傳(chuan)動的(de)震動和(he)不穩(wen)定;
(5)導(dao)熱性(xing)和散(san)熱性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱量的能力大小,即包(bao)括吸熱,也包(bao)括散(san)熱,所以,導(dao)熱性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)問題(ti)可能(neng)需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang),一些有(you)色金屬(shu)合(he)金能將良好的摩擦(ca)學特(te)性(xing)(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)結(jie)合(he);
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)材料與摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)對偶之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩(mo)(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝置。