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發布時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:117513 來源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、市中機械密封、浮動環(huan)密封和迷宮密封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)料壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)、填(tian)料、水封(feng)環(huan)、填(tian)料箱等(deng)組成,是(shi)目前普通離心泵(beng)最常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)一種軸(zhou)封(feng)。離心泵(beng)工作時(shi),壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)將填(tian)料壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin),使(shi)泄漏(lou)量(liang)減小(xiao),從而達(da)到密封(feng)的(de)目的(de)。壓(ya)(ya)蓋(gai)不能(neng)過(guo)(guo)松(song)(song)或過(guo)(guo)緊(jin)(jin),過(guo)(guo)緊(jin)(jin)則造成軸(zhou)套與填(tian)料表(biao)面摩(mo)擦加大(da),溫度迅速升高,嚴(yan)重時(shi)可導致軸(zhou)套和填(tian)料燒壞;過(guo)(guo)松(song)(song)則泄漏(lou)量(liang)加大(da),離心泵(beng)效率下(xia)降。壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)程(cheng)度應使(shi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)從填(tian)料箱漏(lou)出少量(liang)液(ye)(ye)滴為宜。
填(tian)料(liao)箱中裝(zhuang)有水(shui)封(feng)環(huan),通過水(shui)封(feng)環(huan)引入潔凈水(shui),使(shi)其在軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)形成水(shui)環(huan)進行密(mi)封(feng),以防止空氣(qi)漏(lou)(lou)人(ren)泵(beng)內(nei)或(huo)泵(beng)內(nei)壓力水(shui)漏(lou)(lou)出泵(beng)外,密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)在填(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)之間,同時亦起冷卻與潤滑(hua)作用(yong)。填(tian)料(liao)常(chang)采用(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)油浸石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)繩(sheng)或(huo)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)油浸含銅(tong)、鋁等金(jin)屬(shu)絲(si)的石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)繩(sheng),高(gao)壓泵(beng)采用(yong)聚四(si)氟乙(yi)烯效果好。填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封(feng)具有結構(gou)簡單、工(gong)作可靠造價低等優(you)點;但使(shi)用(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)(zhou)套易磨損(sun),且造成介質泄漏(lou)(lou)損(sun)失,一般用(yong)于中低壓水(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)。
它(ta)主(zhu)要由動(dong)環、靜(jing)(jing)環、彈(dan)簧、密封(feng)環等(deng)組成。動(dong)環用(yong)(yong)定位(wei)螺栓(shuan)銷(xiao)定在轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)上,與軸(zhou)(zhou)一起(qi)轉(zhuan)動(dong);靜(jing)(jing)環使用(yong)(yong)防轉(zhuan)銷(xiao)固定在泵體(ti)上,靜(jing)(jing)止不動(dong)。動(dong)環在液體(ti)壓力(li)及彈(dan)簧力(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)下與靜(jing)(jing)環的(de)(de)端(duan)面保(bao)(bao)持(chi)均勻、緊密接(jie)觸,從(cong)而實現密封(feng)。為了保(bao)(bao)證動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環的(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)工作,在兩環的(de)(de)端(duan)面間需(xu)要保(bao)(bao)持(chi)一層極薄的(de)(de)水膜,起(qi)冷(leng)卻和潤滑的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。市中機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。市中機械密封缺點是(shi)結構復雜(za),端面(mian)加工精度(du)要求極(ji)高,價格昂(ang)貴,且安裝技術(shu)要求高,另一方面(mian)對介質清潔度(du)要求較(jiao)高。
浮動環密封
它主要由浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈(dan)簧等組成。浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)是以(yi)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)在液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)壓力(li)及彈(dan)簧力(li)的(de)(de)作用下(xia)保(bao)持(chi)緊密(mi)接觸來實現密(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de);同時又以(yi)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內圓(yuan)表面(mian)與軸套外表面(mian)所形成的(de)(de)微(wei)小間隙對液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)產生節流來達到軸向密(mi)封(feng)。液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)徑向自由浮動(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),當浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同心(xin)時,液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平衡,浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)不在浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于市中機械密封,結構簡單,運行中(zhong)無軸向碰撞問題,運行可靠、密封效果(guo)好;其缺點是(shi)軸向尺(chi)寸較(jiao)長,對具有短(duan)而粗的(de)軸的(de)大容量機組水(shui)泵(beng)應用(yong)較(jiao)少。
迷宮式密封
它是一(yi)種非接(jie)觸型(xing)的(de)流體動力密封(feng),其機理是利用流體流過的(de)轉子與靜子間(jian)的(de)微(wei)小(xiao)間(jian)隙(xi)產生的(de)節流降壓效應來實現(xian)密封(feng)。
迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)有多(duo)種不同型式(shi),金屬(shu)迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)密封(feng)(feng)與靜子固接的金屬(shu)密封(feng)(feng)片在轉(zhuan)軸間形(xing)成多(duo)級突(tu)擴(kuo)-突(tu)縮的間隙,對軸向泄漏流體實(shi)施多(duo)級降壓、節(jie)流,從(cong)而(er)實(shi)現密封(feng)(feng);螺旋迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)在轉(zhuan)軸表面上車(che)有與液體泄漏方(fang)向相(xiang)反的螺旋溝槽(cao),溝槽(cao)中(zhong)注有略(lve)高(gao)于密封(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)室壓力的密封(feng)(feng)水,軸轉(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi),螺旋溝槽(cao)內(nei)的密封(feng)(feng)水沿(yan)軸向螺旋前進,阻止泵內(nei)液體的外泄。迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)密封(feng)(feng)在工作時(shi)動(dong)、靜部件無接觸、無磨損,使用壽命長,在大容量(liang)給水泵上應用廣泛。