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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:94567 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數雙流機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,雙流機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。雙流機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)一般(ban)分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能(neng)長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀態時(shi),兩(liang)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸(tu)體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)(sun)。磨損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一方面(mian)(mian)會使(shi)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另(ling)一方面(mian)(mian)會產生大(da)量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒毀密(mi)封。在無流體(ti)介質的(de)工(gong)況(kuang)下,如何(he)減(jian)少磨損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就(jiu)要依靠干磨密(mi)封了。
干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至(zhi)少(shao)裝有(you)(you)二(er)個截面為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間(jian)有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間(jian)隙,軸套外(wai)(wai)表面涂有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料(liao)一般為(wei)(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或(huo)三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在25-40。主要應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)操作(zuo)維(wei)修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好(hao),不需(xu)要復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干運(yun)行(xing),得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)及架設于(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上且(qie)可(ke)呈相對旋轉及貼合的(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分(fen)開設有(you)(you)供旋轉軸安裝的(de)通孔(kong),且(qie)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上設有(you)(you)促使動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了(le)要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)之外(wai)(wai),主要是摩(mo)擦(ca)副的(de)材料(liao)問(wen)題(ti)。
摩擦材(cai)料(liao)應具備下(xia)列條件(jian):
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載荷性,自潤(run)滑(hua)性好;
(3)配(pei)對(dui)材料(liao)的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和對(dui)偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨性(xing)好(hao),摩擦(ca)材(cai)料雖然(ran)是易損件(jian),起到保護制(zhi)動或傳動裝置(zhi)的(de)作用,但(dan)要求具有一定的(de)耐磨性(xing),使用壽命盡(jin)量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動或傳動的(de)震(zhen)動和不(bu)穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和(he)散熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)吸熱(re)(re),也包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)散熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然(ran)散熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問題(ti)可能需要改(gai)變封孔方(fang)法;
(7)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性強,一些(xie)有(you)(you)色金屬合(he)金能將良好(hao)的(de)摩擦學特性與有(you)(you)些(xie)流(liu)體的(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性結(jie)合(he);
(8)線膨(peng)(peng)脹系數小(xiao),熱膨(peng)(peng)脹會造成(cheng)摩(mo)擦材(cai)料與摩(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間的(de)間隙(xi)過小(xiao),發生拖(tuo)摩(mo),損毀制動、傳(chuan)動裝(zhuang)置。