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發布時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):98714 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數雙塔機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,雙塔機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。雙塔機械密封端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩擦(ca)的(de)工況一般分為:流體摩擦(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)三類,但不(bu)能長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)干(gan)摩擦(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)固(gu)體表面(mian)(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸體將直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩擦(ca)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失(shi)或遷移(yi),導致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產生大(da)量的(de)摩擦(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒(shao)毀密封。在(zai)無(wu)流體介質的(de)工況下,如何(he)減(jian)少(shao)磨損(sun)降低摩擦(ca)熱,那就(jiu)要依(yi)靠干(gan)磨密封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)體和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)二(er)個截(jie)面為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套外(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)面涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料一般(ban)為(wei)三(san)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁或三(san)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二(er)鉻(ge)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)有(you)(you)時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)增(zeng)加隔離(li)氣,通常使用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)易燃有(you)(you)毒(du)介(jie)質(zhi),由于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)性(xing)好(hao),不需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干(gan)(gan)運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)且(qie)可呈相(xiang)對(dui)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固(gu)定(ding)連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設(she)(she)有(you)(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且(qie)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)端面分別為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)設(she)(she)有(you)(you)促(cu)使動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除(chu)了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面平行(xing)之外(wai)(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是(shi)摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強(qiang)度(du)高,能耐壓和(he)耐壓力變(bian)形;
(2)具有耐干磨性,耐高載(zai)荷(he)性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨合性好(hao),無過大的磨損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是易損件(jian),起(qi)到(dao)保護(hu)制(zhi)動或(huo)傳動裝置(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具(ju)有一定(ding)的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和(he)粘附對偶,都會(hui)造成制(zhi)動或(huo)傳動的(de)震(zhen)動和(he)不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性和散(san)熱(re)(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性是傳(chuan)導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大(da)小(xiao),即包括吸熱(re)(re),也(ye)包括散(san)熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)性也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好,根本解決(jue)抗熱裂(lie)性問題可能需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一(yi)些有色金屬(shu)合(he)金能(neng)將(jiang)良好的摩擦學特性與有些流體的耐腐蝕性結合(he);
(8)線膨脹系(xi)數小,熱膨脹會造成摩擦(ca)材料與(yu)摩擦(ca)對(dui)偶(ou)之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙(xi)過小,發生(sheng)拖摩,損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。