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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:97888 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數水磨溝機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,水磨溝機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。水磨溝機械密封端面摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工況一般(ban)分(fen)為:流體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類(lei),但不能長時(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀(zhuang)態時(shi),兩端面間的(de)固體(ti)表面微(wei)凸(tu)體(ti)將直接(jie)接(jie)觸而(er)引起劇烈(lie)的(de)磨損(sun)(sun)。磨損(sun)(sun)時(shi)一方面會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表面物質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面損(sun)(sun)壞;另一方面會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密(mi)封(feng)。在(zai)無流體(ti)介質的(de)工況下,如何減少磨損(sun)(sun)降低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就(jiu)要(yao)依靠干磨密(mi)封(feng)了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種,常(chang)用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)磨碳精,結構(gou)包(bao)括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)二個(ge)截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩(ju)形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙(xi),軸(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材料一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)三氧化二鋁(lv)或三氧化二鉻(ge)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控制在(zai)25-40。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃(ran)有(you)(you)毒介質(zhi),由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)操作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)潤(run)滑冷卻(que)系統(tong),可以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩及架設于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)(shang)(shang)且可呈相(xiang)對旋轉及貼合的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩固(gu)定連(lian)接(jie),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)端面(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)(shang)(shang)設有(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)(yao)保(bao)持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)之外(wai)(wai)(wai),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)摩擦副的(de)(de)材料問(wen)題。
摩擦(ca)材料應(ying)具備下列(lie)條(tiao)件(jian):
(1)機(ji)械強度(du)高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨(mo)性,耐高載荷性,自潤(run)滑性好;
(3)配對材(cai)料(liao)的(de)磨合性好(hao),無(wu)過大(da)的(de)磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性(xing)好,摩(mo)擦材料雖(sui)然是易損(sun)件,起到保護制動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)裝置的(de)作用,但要求具有一定的(de)耐磨性(xing),使用壽命(ming)盡量要長(chang),刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對(dui)偶,都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳(chuan)導(dao)熱(re)量的能力大小(xiao),即包括吸熱(re),也包括散(san)熱(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好,根本解(jie)決抗熱裂(lie)性問(wen)題可(ke)能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性強,一些有色金屬合金能(neng)將(jiang)良好的摩擦學特性與(yu)有些流體(ti)的耐腐蝕性結(jie)合;
(8)線(xian)膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶(ou)之間的間隙過小,發生拖(tuo)摩(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝置。