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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116163 來源(yuan):
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、水磨溝機械密封、浮(fu)動環密(mi)封和迷(mi)宮(gong)密(mi)封。
填料密封
它由(you)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓蓋、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、水封(feng)(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱等組成,是目(mu)前普通離心泵最常(chang)采用的一種軸(zhou)(zhou)封(feng)(feng)。離心泵工(gong)作時(shi),壓蓋將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓緊,使(shi)泄漏(lou)量(liang)減(jian)小,從而(er)達到密封(feng)(feng)的目(mu)的。壓蓋不(bu)能過松或過緊,過緊則(ze)造成軸(zhou)(zhou)套與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)表面摩擦加大(da),溫度(du)迅速升(sheng)高,嚴重時(shi)可導(dao)致軸(zhou)(zhou)套和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)燒(shao)壞;過松則(ze)泄漏(lou)量(liang)加大(da),離心泵效率(lv)下降(jiang)。壓緊程度(du)應使(shi)液(ye)體從填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱漏(lou)出少量(liang)液(ye)滴(di)為宜(yi)。
填料箱中(zhong)裝有水(shui)封(feng)環(huan),通過水(shui)封(feng)環(huan)引入(ru)潔凈水(shui),使其在(zai)軸上形(xing)成水(shui)環(huan)進行密(mi)封(feng),以防止空氣漏人泵(beng)內(nei)或泵(beng)內(nei)壓力(li)水(shui)漏出泵(beng)外(wai),密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)在(zai)填料與軸之間(jian),同時(shi)亦起冷卻與潤滑作用(yong)。填料常采(cai)用(yong)石(shi)墨(mo)油(you)浸石(shi)棉繩(sheng)或石(shi)墨(mo)油(you)浸含(han)銅、鋁等金屬絲的石(shi)棉繩(sheng),高(gao)壓泵(beng)采(cai)用(yong)聚四(si)氟乙烯效(xiao)果好。填料密(mi)封(feng)具(ju)有結構簡(jian)單(dan)、工作可靠(kao)造(zao)(zao)價低(di)(di)等優點;但使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)短,軸套易磨損,且造(zao)(zao)成介質(zhi)泄(xie)漏損失,一般用(yong)于中(zhong)低(di)(di)壓水(shui)泵(beng)上。
它主要由動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)、彈(dan)簧(huang)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封環(huan)等組成。動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)用(yong)定(ding)(ding)位螺栓銷(xiao)定(ding)(ding)在轉軸上(shang),與(yu)軸一起轉動(dong)(dong)(dong);靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)使用(yong)防(fang)轉銷(xiao)固定(ding)(ding)在泵體上(shang),靜(jing)(jing)止不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)在液體壓力(li)及彈(dan)簧(huang)力(li)的作(zuo)用(yong)下與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)的端(duan)面保(bao)持均(jun)勻、緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)接觸,從(cong)而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封。為了保(bao)證動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)的正(zheng)常工作(zuo),在兩環(huan)的端(duan)面間需要保(bao)持一層極(ji)薄的水膜,起冷卻和潤滑的作(zuo)用(yong)。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。水磨溝機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。水磨溝機械密封缺點(dian)是結構復(fu)雜,端面(mian)加工精度要(yao)求(qiu)極(ji)高(gao),價格昂貴,且安裝技術要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao),另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)對介(jie)質清潔度要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)。
浮動環密封
它主要(yao)由(you)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)、支撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)、彈簧(huang)等組(zu)成。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)是以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)與支撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)在液體(ti)(ti)壓力(li)及彈簧(huang)力(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)下保持緊密(mi)(mi)接觸來實現密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de);同時又(you)以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)的(de)(de)內(nei)圓表(biao)面(mian)(mian)與軸套外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)所形成的(de)(de)微小間隙對液體(ti)(ti)產生節流來達到軸向密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。液體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)沿支撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)徑向自(zi)由(you)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong),并自(zi)動(dong)(dong)調整環(huan)心(xin),當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)與軸同心(xin)時,液體(ti)(ti)支撐(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平衡,浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)不在浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于水磨溝機械密封,結構簡單,運(yun)行(xing)中無軸向碰撞問(wen)題,運(yun)行(xing)可靠、密封效果好;其缺(que)點(dian)是軸向尺寸較長,對具有短而粗的(de)軸的(de)大容(rong)量機組水(shui)泵應用(yong)較少。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸型(xing)的(de)(de)流(liu)體動力密封,其機理是利用流(liu)體流(liu)過的(de)(de)轉子與(yu)靜子間的(de)(de)微小間隙產生的(de)(de)節(jie)流(liu)降壓效應來實現密封。
迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封有(you)(you)多(duo)種不同(tong)型式,金(jin)屬迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封與(yu)靜子固接(jie)的金(jin)屬密(mi)(mi)(mi)封片在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)間(jian)形成多(duo)級突(tu)(tu)擴-突(tu)(tu)縮的間(jian)隙,對軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向泄(xie)漏(lou)流體(ti)實施多(duo)級降壓、節流,從(cong)而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封;螺(luo)旋(xuan)迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)表面上車有(you)(you)與(yu)液體(ti)泄(xie)漏(lou)方向相反的螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽,溝槽中注有(you)(you)略高于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封腔室壓力的密(mi)(mi)(mi)封水,軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)轉(zhuan)動時,螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽內的密(mi)(mi)(mi)封水沿軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向螺(luo)旋(xuan)前進,阻止(zhi)泵內液體(ti)的外(wai)泄(xie)。迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封在(zai)(zai)工作時動、靜部件無接(jie)觸、無磨損,使用(yong)(yong)壽命長,在(zai)(zai)大容量給(gei)水泵上應用(yong)(yong)廣泛。