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發布時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98554 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數松柏鎮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,松柏鎮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。松柏鎮機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的工況一(yi)般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時(shi)間干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)間的固體表面(mian)(mian)微凸(tu)體將(jiang)直接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)觸而(er)引起劇烈的磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)喪(sang)失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產生(sheng)大量的摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直至燒(shao)毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無流體介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的工況下,如何減少(shao)磨損(sun)降(jiang)低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨密(mi)封(feng)了(le)。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮(fu)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,常用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和(he)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至少(shao)裝有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石(shi)(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套外表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材料一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)三氧化(hua)二(er)鋁或三氧化(hua)二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣,通(tong)常使用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)操作維修(xiu)簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可(ke)呈相對旋轉及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設有(you)供(gong)旋轉軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)分別為(wei)(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有(you)促使動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件(jian)。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外,主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料問題(ti)。
摩擦(ca)材料應具(ju)備下列條件(jian):
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨(mo)性,耐高載荷性,自潤滑(hua)性好;
(3)配對材料(liao)的磨(mo)合性好(hao),無過大的磨(mo)損和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦(ca)材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保護制動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)的作用,但要求具有(you)一定的耐磨性,使(shi)用壽命盡量要長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和粘附(fu)對偶,都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或傳動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩(wen)定;
(5)導熱(re)性(xing)和散(san)(san)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao),導熱(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)量的(de)能(neng)力大(da)小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re),也(ye)包(bao)括散(san)(san)熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)必然散(san)(san)熱(re)性(xing)也(ye)好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性好,根本(ben)解決抗(kang)熱裂性問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一些(xie)有(you)色金屬合金能將良好(hao)的(de)摩擦學特性(xing)與有(you)些(xie)流(liu)體(ti)的(de)耐腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會(hui)造成摩(mo)(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙過(guo)小,發生拖摩(mo)(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。