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發布時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:100363 來源:
松潘機械密封是一種依(yi)靠(kao)彈(dan)性元件(jian)對(dui)動、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)副的(de)(de)預緊和介質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)與彈(dan)性元件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)緊而(er)達到(dao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)軸向端(duan)面(mian)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)組成一對(dui)摩擦副,動環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)靠(kao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)室(shi)中液(ye)體的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)使其端(duan)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)緊在靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)上,并在兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面(mian)上產生(sheng)適當的(de)(de)比壓(ya)(ya)和保持(chi)一層極薄的(de)(de)液(ye)體膜而(er)達到(dao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
常用松潘機械密封結構由靜(jing)止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(靜(jing)環(huan)(huan))、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)(huan)(動(dong)環(huan)(huan))、彈性元(yuan)件、彈簧座、固(gu)緊件、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)(huan)輔助密封圈和(he)靜(jing)止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)輔助密封圈等元(yuan)件組成,防轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)銷固(gu)定在(zai)壓蓋(gai)上以防止(zhi)靜(jing)止(zhi)環(huan)(huan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。這些元(yuan)件都有哪些作用呢?
(1)動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環:保持緊(jin)密貼(tie)合(he)組(zu)成密封(feng)面防止介質泄漏(lou)。要求(qiu)動(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環具有良(liang)好(hao)的耐磨性動(dong)(dong)環可以軸(zhou)向移(yi)動(dong)(dong),自動(dong)(dong)補償密封(feng)面磨損,使之與靜(jing)環良(liang)好(hao)地貼(tie)合(he),靜(jing)環有浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性,起(qi)緩(huan)沖作(zuo)用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型松潘機械密封。波(bo)形管常用于高(gao)溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特殊條件。
(3)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(0形環(huan)(huan)、V形環(huan)(huan)、楔形環(huan)(huan)及其(qi)他(ta)異形密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)):主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)起到靜環(huan)(huan)和動環(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)作(zuo)用,同時也起到浮動性(xing)和緩(huan)沖的(de)作(zuo)用。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證靜環(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓蓋之間的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing),使(shi)靜環(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)浮動性(xing),動環(huan)(huan)的(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證動環(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)或軸(zhou)套之間的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng).材料要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)耐熱、耐寒方面與(yu)介質接近(jin)。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括(kuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)銷(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳或牙(ya)嵌式聯接器,其作用是將軸(zhou)的轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)環,材料要求耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨(mo)損。
(5)固緊件:包括緊定(ding)螺釘、彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)座、壓蓋、組裝套(tao)、軸套(tao)。起著靜、動環的(de)(de)定(ding)位、固緊作用(yong)(yong)。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)定(ding)位正確(que),保證摩擦副密封面(mian)處于正確(que)的(de)(de)位置,并且保持良好(hao)貼合(he)的(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)簧(huang)比壓,同(tong)時要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)拆裝方便,容易(yi)就(jiu)位,能重復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong),與輔(fu)助密封配合(he)處應(ying)注意安(an)裝密封環的(de)(de)倒角和(he)壓彈(dan)(dan)量,特別注意動環密封圈與軸套(tao)配合(he)處要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損,必要(yao)(yao)時采用(yong)(yong)硬面(mian)復(fu)層(ceng)。
介紹完了松潘機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。松潘機械密封的泄(xie)漏點基(ji)本上都表現在6處(chu):①動、靜(jing)環(huan)端面(mian)處(chu);②靜(jing)環(huan)與靜(jing)環(huan)盒的輔助密封處(chu);③靜(jing)環(huan)壓(ya)蓋與離心泵(beng)泵(beng)體之間的密封處(chu);④動環(huan)鑲嵌結構配合處(chu);⑤軸(zhou)套(tao)與泵(beng)軸(zhou)之間的密封處(chu);⑥動環(huan)與軸(zhou)套(tao)的輔助密封處(chu)。
注意(yi):⑤和⑥只有在安裝(zhuang)軸套時才存在。