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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94757 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數隨州機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,隨州機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。隨州機械密封端面(mian)摩擦的(de)(de)工(gong)況一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)為:流體(ti)摩擦、混合(he)摩擦和邊界摩擦三類,但不能(neng)長時間干摩擦。干摩擦狀(zhuang)態時,兩端面(mian)間的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)表面(mian)微(wei)凸體(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而引(yin)起劇烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)時一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)會使摩擦表面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或遷移(yi),導致表面(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)會產生大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)摩擦熱直(zhi)至燒毀(hui)密封(feng)。在無(wu)流體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工(gong)況下,如何減少磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)降低摩擦熱,那就(jiu)要依靠(kao)干磨(mo)(mo)密封(feng)了。
干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔體內有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽(cao),槽(cao)內至(zhi)少裝有(you)二個截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套(tao)(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套(tao)(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)涂有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)涂層,涂層材料(liao)一般為(wei)(wei)三氧化二鋁或三氧化二鉻。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離氣(qi)(qi)(qi),通(tong)(tong)常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi),氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)耗量(liang)能控制(zhi)在25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)易燃(ran)有(you)毒介質(zhi),由于(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)維(wei)修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)性好,不(bu)需要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可以干運行,得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。干磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋轉及(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)(wai)罩固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設有(you)供(gong)旋轉軸安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)孔,且(qie)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)設有(you)促(cu)使(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)平行之外(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦(ca)材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強(qiang)度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性(xing),耐高載荷(he)性(xing),自潤(run)滑性(xing)好(hao);
(3)配對材料的磨合性(xing)好,無過大的磨損和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩擦材料雖然(ran)是易(yi)損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作(zuo)用(yong),但要求(qiu)具有(you)一(yi)定的耐磨(mo)性,使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)盡量要長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕和(he)(he)粘附對偶,都會造成(cheng)制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和(he)(he)不(bu)穩定;
(5)導熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)量的能(neng)力大(da)小,即(ji)包(bao)括吸(xi)熱(re)(re),也包(bao)括散熱(re)(re),所以,導熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好的必然散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性(xing)好,根本解決抗熱裂性(xing)問題(ti)可能需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一(yi)些有色金屬合金能(neng)將良好的摩(mo)擦學特性(xing)與有些流體(ti)的耐腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系(xi)數小,熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會造成摩擦(ca)材料與摩擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)過小,發生拖摩,損毀制(zhi)動、傳動裝置。